异基因造血干细胞移植后耶氏肺孢子菌肺炎临床特征分析

Clinical Characteristics of Pneumocystis Jiroveci Pneumoniaafter Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

目的:总结异基因造血干细胞移植(allo-HSCT)后合并耶氏肺孢子菌肺炎(PJP)患者的临床特征。方法:回顾性分析2018年7月至2023年7月在苏州大学附属第一医院和苏州弘慈血液病医院诊断的21例allo-HSCT后PJP患者的临床表现、实验室检查、影像学表现及治疗转归。结果:在21例患者中,男女比例为2.5∶1,中位年龄为36(15-62)岁,移植后并发PJP的中位时间为225 d。临床表现缺乏特异性,主要临床症状为呼吸道症状(呼吸困难、咳嗽、咳痰等)和发热;实验室检查发现15例患者外周血淋巴细胞计数降低,19例患者的CD4+T淋巴细胞绝对值<200/μl,20例患者的C反应蛋白水平明显升高,14例患者的乳酸脱氢酶升高,14例患者的1,3-β-D葡聚糖试验水平升高;胸部CT表现分为磨玻璃型、结节型、混合型3种,其中磨玻璃型发生率最高(18/21),结节型2例、混合型1例。通过mNGS技术均检测出耶氏肺孢子菌序列数在15-57570之间,11例患者为混合感染。根据患者具体病情予以TMP-SMX、卡泊芬净、甲基强的松龙等个体化治疗,17例患者病情获得好转,4例死亡,均死于呼吸衰竭。结论:PJP是allo-HSCT后危急重症,诊断不易,早期诊断与及时治疗可取得更好的预后。mNGS诊断PJP的敏感性高,为临床提供早期精准诊断治疗可能,值得应用和推广。

Objective:To summarize the clinical characteristics of patients with combined pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia(PJP)after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(allo-HSCT).Methods:The clinical manifestations,laboratory tests,imaging findings,and treatment outcomes of 21 allo-HSCT patients with PJP diagnosed at the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University and Soochow Hopes Hematology Hospital from July 2018 to July 2023 were retrospective analyzed.Results:Among the 21 patients,the male-to-female ratio was 2.5∶1,and the median age was 36 years old with a range of 15-62 years.The median time to diagnosis of PJP after transplantation was 225 days.The clinical manifestations lack specificity,and the main clinical symptoms include respiratory symptoms(dyspnea,cough,sputum,etc.)and fever.Laboratory examination revealed peripheral blood lymphocyte counts decreased in 15 cases,CD4+T lymphocyte absolute values less than 200 cells/μl in 19 patients,C-reactive protein levels significantly increased in 20 patients,lactate dehydrogenase levels increased in 14 patients,and 1,3-β-D-glucan detection levels increased in 14 patients.Chest CT manifestations can be divided into three types:ground glass type,nodular type,and mixed type.Among them,the incidence of ground glass type was the highest(18/21),with 2 cases of nodular type and 1 case of mixed type.The sequence number of Pneumocystis jiroveci was detected through mNGS(15-57570),and 11 patients had mixed infections.In terms of treatment,TMP-SMX,Caspofungin,and methylprednisolone were administered,and 17 patients achieved improvement in their condition.Four patients died,all of whom died from respiratory failure.Conclusion:PJP is a critically ill condition after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation,and diagnosis is difficult.Early diagnosis can achieve better prognosis.The sensitivity of mNGS in diagnosing PJP is high,providing the possibility of early and accurate diagnosis for clinical practice,which is worthy of application and promotion.