呼吸道合胞病毒、人偏肺病毒和流感病毒的感染特点分析及成人感染住院的相关因素分析

Analysis of the Infection Characteristics of Respiratory Syncytial Virus,Human Lung Virus,and Influenza Virus,as well as the Related Factors of Adult Infection Hospitalization

目的比较呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)、人偏肺病毒(hMPV)和流感感染特点并分析成人感染住院的相关因素。方法收集2021年1月-2023年1月在流感/RSV/hMPV流行季节期间住院治疗的急性呼吸道感染的成年患者共202例,其中流感组104例,RSV组68例,MPV30例。比较三组的临床感染特征,并使用Logistics回归分析成人感染住院的相关危险因素。结果与流感患者相比,RSV和hMPV患者有更多的潜在风险因素,包括年龄大于65岁,合并症如心脏疾病、肾脏疾病、COPD更多。RSV患者住院前出现症状的时间最长,住院时间最长,入住重症监护室的比例最高,住院期间接受氧气补充的概率更高。多因素Logistics回归分析显示年龄≥65岁(调整OR=3.19,95%CI=1.44~4.17,P=0.034)、合并慢性心脏疾病(调整OR=2.01,95%CI=1.98~5.42,P=0.012)、合并慢性肾脏疾病(调整OR=2.12,95%CI=1.45~4.34,P=0.001)、合并COPD(调整OR=2.26,95%CI=0.78~3.23,P=0.122)、重度COPD(调整OR=1.85,95%CI=1.21~2.93,P=0.016)、治疗时出现COPD加重(整调OR=1.87,95%CI=1.46~5.32,P=0.015)、出现败血症(调整OR=2.12,95%CI=0.93~4.87,P=0.001)为成人住院的危险因素。结论虽然流感的发病率更高,但在住院成人中,RSV和hMPV的潜在风险因素更多,住院时间更长,这表明需要采取有效的干预措施。与流感、RSV、hMPV成人患者住院相关的危险因素为年龄≥65岁,患者合并慢性心脏疾病、慢性肾脏疾病、重度COPD,治疗时COPD加重、出现败血症。

Objective To compare the infection characteristics of respiratory syncytial virus(RSV),human parathyroid virus(hMPV),and influenza,and analyze the relevant factors of adult infection hospitalization.Methods A total of 202 adult patients with acute respiratory infections who were hospitalized during the influenza/RSV/hMPV epidemic season from January 2021 to January 2023 were collected,including 104 cases in the influenza group,68 cases in the RSV group,30 cases of MPV.Compare the clinical infection characteristics of three groups and use logistic regression to analyze the relevant risk factors for adult infection hospitalization.Results Compared to influenza patients,RSV and hMPV patients have more potential risk factors,including age over 65,comorbidities such as heart disease,kidney disease COPD is more common.RSV patients have the longest duration of symptoms before hospitalization,the longest hospitalization time,the highest proportion of admission to the intensive care unit,and a higher probability of receiving oxygen supplementation during hospitalization.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age≥65 years old(adjusted OR=3.19,95%CI=1.44~4.17,P=0.034),Combined chronic heart disease(adjusted OR=2.01,95%CI=1.98~5.42,P=0.012),Combined chronic kidney disease(adjusted OR=2.12,95%CI=1.45~4.34,P=0.001),Merge COPD(adjusted OR=2.26,95%CI=0.78~3.23,P=0.122),Severe COPD(adjusted OR=1.85,95%CI=1.21~2.93,P=0.016),during treatment,COPD worsened(adjusted OR=1.87,95%CI=1.46~5.32),P=0.015),suffering from sepsis(adjusted OR=2.12,95%CI=0.93~4.87,P=0.001)is a risk factor for adult hospitalization.Conclusion Although the incidence rate of influenza is higher,among hospitalized adults,RSV and hMPV have more potential risk factors and longer hospital stays,indicating the need for effective intervention measures.Influenza The risk factors related to hospitalization for adult patients with RSV and hMPV are age≥65 years old,patients with chronic heart disease,chronic kidney disease,severe COPD,exacerbation of COPD during treatment,and sepsis.