污水生物处理系统脱氮除磷细菌多样性及功能调控

Diversity and functional regulation of nitrogen and phosphorus removal bacteria in wastewater biological treatment systems

污水处理厂生物处理单元的性能决定其对污水脱氮除磷的效率,而脱氮除磷细菌的菌群结构、代谢活性和细菌间的种间协同与竞争是生物处理单元功能发挥的关键。分析了污水生物处理系统脱氮除磷细菌的核心菌群和代谢机制,从物种水平上解析了Nitrosomonas、Nitrosospira、Nitrospira、Nitrobacter、Ca. Kuenenia、Ca. Brocadia和Thauera等主要脱氮微生物的生理特性,对除磷微生物Candidatus Accumulibacter、Dechloromonas和Tetrasphaera的生理特性进行了概述;探索了脱氮除磷菌种间协同与种间竞争关系,并从改造工艺结构、优化运行条件和人工强化3个方面对脱氮除磷细菌功能调控进行论述,以期为污水生物处理单元功能调控及污水处理厂升级改造提供理论依据。

The performance of biological treatment units in wastewater treatment plants critically determines the efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus removal.The community structure,metabolic activity,and interspecies synergy and com⁃petition among the denitrifying and phosphorus-removing bacteria are pivotal for the functionality of these treatment units.This study investigated the core flora and metabolic mechanisms of bacteria involved in nitrogen and phosphorus removal within the wastewater biological treatment systems.The physiological properties for key denitrifying microorganisms such as Nitrosomonas,Nitrosospira,Nitrospira,Nitrobacter,Ca.Kuenenia,Ca.Brocadia,and Thauera at the species level were analyzed.An overview of the physiological properties of phosphorus-removing bacteria,including Candidatus Accu⁃mulibacter,Dechloromonas,and Tetrasphaera,were also provided.Additionally,this study explored the synergistic and competitive relationships among these bacterial species and discussed the regulation of their functions through process redesign,operational optimization,and artificial enhancement.These insights were to offer a theoretical basis for controlling biological treatment units and upgrading wastewater treatment facilities.