零价铁联合微生物修复氯代脂肪烃污染地下水的研究进展

Research progress on remediation of chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbon contaminated groundwater by zero-valent iron combined with microorganisms

氯代脂肪烃(Chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons,CAHs)是广泛使用的化工原料,具有致癌、致畸、致突变等毒性作用,在生产过程中若由于泄露或排放不规范等原因进入到地下水中会造成地下水污染,进而危害到人体的生命健康和环境生态安全。目前,许多环境功能材料特别是零价铁(Zero-valent iron,ZVI)及其复合材料已被广泛应用于修复CAHs污染地下水中,且在与微生物联合应用中获得良好的修复效果。综述了应用在CAHs污染地下水修复中的ZVI及其复合物与微生物的类型,重点总结了ZVI及其复合物与微生物联合去除地下水中CAHs的耦合作用机制,从联合生物刺激、联合生物强化和负载非直接降解微生物方面分析了现有的应用实例,为进一步开发和应用CAHs污染地下水修复技术提供参考。指出了未来CAHs污染地下水的修复研究应从开发ZVI或其他新型复合功能材料、分离和培养高效降解菌种及菌群种质资源等方面着手,并将其应用于CAHs污染地下水的实际处理中,进一步探索环境功能材料与生物修复的联合作用机制;同时还需要关注修复过程中地下水复杂组分与原生环境变化的关系,增加现场计算模拟等相关研究。

Chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons(CAHs)are widely used as chemical raw materials,but carcinogenic,teratogenic and mutagenic toxic for human health.When CAHs enter the groundwater during the production process because of irregular leakage or discharge,they will cause groundwater contamination,which will be harmful to hu-man life health and ecology environment.Up to now,many functional materials,especially zero-valent iron and its composite materials,have been applied to remediate CAHs contaminated groundwater,and the combined applica-tion with microorganisms can be of good effects.In this paper,the function types and mechanisms of ZVI composite materials and microorganisms applied to remediation of CAHs contaminated groundwater were summarized,and the coupling mechanisms of ZVI composite materials combined with microorganisms to remove CAHs in polluted groundwater were emphatically summarized.Meanwhile,the application examples of biostimulation,bioenhance-ment,and sulfate-reducing bacteria were analyzed to provide reference for the further improvement and application of remediation technology for CAHs contaminated groundwater.The further researches on remediation of CAHs pol-luted groundwater should focus on the preparation of new functional ZVI or other composite materials and excava-tion of the microbial resources and applying them to practical treatments of comtaminated groundwater.It also should explore the combined mechanism between environmental functional materials and bioremediation.It was also necessary to pay attention to the relationship between the complicated components of groundwater and the varia-tion of the original environment in the process of remediation,and to emphasize on the computational simulation of field or the other related studies.