百年来农村宅基地制度变迁的中国逻辑

The Chinese Logic of the Rural Homestead System Transformation over the Past 100 Years

农村宅基地制度变迁的百年征程,昭示了100年来乡土中国“沧桑巨变,换了人间”的奋进历程。1921至1950年的30年间,封建半封建的土地所有制向“耕有其田居有其屋”的农民个人所有制转换,构成了中国宅基地制度的初步探索。1951至1982年的逾30年间,宅基地农民个人所有制转换为农民集体所有制,构筑了中国特色社会主义宅基地制度的核心框架。1983至2012年的30年间,农村宅基地制度适度矫正,实现了农村宅基地管控逻辑与衍生权益配置规则的重建和优化。2013年以来的新时代十余年,进一步厘清农村宅基地产权改革逻辑,构筑了农户权益实现与乡村振兴协同推进的宅基地收益配置机制,显著改善了农民宅基地财产权益的实现能力和实际获得感。始终坚持“以人民为中心,以农民为优先”的根本逻辑、“从强制性变迁到诱致性变迁”的改革逻辑、“以持续改善工农城乡关系为取向”的行动逻辑、“从满足农民基本生存到实现农民充分发展”的政策逻辑,构成了农村宅基地制度变迁的中国逻辑。

The centennial journey of the rural homestead systemtransition has revealed the“great changes in the vicissitudes of life”in rural China over the past 100 years.From 1921 to 1950,the CPC changed the feudal and semi-feudal land ownership system into the individual ownership system of farmers with“land for cultivation and housing”,which constituted the initial exploration of the socialist homestead system with Chinese characteristics.From 1951 to 1982,the CPC transformed the individual ownership of homestead farmers into collective ownership of farmers,and built the core framework of the socialist homestead system with Chinese characteristics.From 1983 to 2012,the CPC made moderate corrections to the rural homestead system,and realized the reconstruction and optimization of the control logic and derivative rights allocation rules of rural homestead.In the new period since 2013,the CPC has further clarified the logic of rural homestead property rights reform,and built a homestead income allocation mechanism to promote the realization of farmers’rights and interests and rural revitalization in a coordinated manner,which has significantly improved the realization ability and actual sense of acquisition of farmers’homestead property rights and interests.Adhering to the fundamental logic of“people-centered,giving priority to farmers”,the reform logic of“from mandatory change to induced change”,the action logic of“taking continuous improvement of the relationship between workers,peasants and urban areas as the orientation”,and the policy logic of“from meeting farmers’basic survival to realizing farmers’full development”constitute the Chinese logic of the rural homestead system transitionin over the past 100 years.