论构建人类命运共同体视域下的联合国安理会否决权改革

Reformation of Right of Veto in the UN Security Council from the Perspective of Building a Community with a Shared Future for Mankind

联合国安全理事会否决权自设置以来,其合理性和有效性备受国际社会的关注和质疑,要求改革否决权的呼声日渐强烈。在对否决权本身进行直接改革困难重重的背景下,与其相关最重要的两次改革分别为1965年非常任理事国增额改革与2022年通过的否决权行使后10个工作日内正式会议召开改革。目前,五大常任理事国行使否决权呈现出问题特定化与阵容派系化的特征,否决权面临着国家平等原则的根本性挑战、决策效率的拷问以及重大事项难推进的质疑,现有的安理会规模扩大、取消否决权以及程序性改革等方案无法真正化解否决权改革的核心矛盾,即权利与义务不对等、权利滥用以及程序正义与结果正义之间的矛盾。基于此,构建人类命运共同体理念可为否决权改革提供新动力,通过理念引领、创新驱动以及内核响应三个方面为否决权改革提供新视角,进而推动否决权制度朝更为公平、公正与高效的方向发展。

Since the establishment of the right of veto in the UN Security Council,its rationality and effectiveness have been deeply concerned and questioned by the international community,and the call for reformation of the right of veto has become increasingly strong.Under the background that it is difficult to directly reform the right of veto itself,the two most important reforms are the reformation of increasing the number of non-permanent members of the Security Council in 1965 and the formal meeting within 10 working days after the right of veto was passed in 2022.At present,the veto by the permanent five is characterized by specific issues and factionalism.The veto is faced with fundamental challenges of the principle of equality of countries,problem of decision-making efficiency and difficulty in moving on major issues.The existing plans for expanding the size of the Security Council,abolishing right of the veto and procedural reformation cannot really solve the core contradictions of the veto reformation,namely,the inequality of veto rights and obligations,the abuse of veto rights and the contradiction between procedural justice and result justice of right of veto.On this basis,the concept of building a community with a shared future for mankind can provide a new impetus for the veto reformation,and provide a new perspective for the veto reformation in three aspects:concept guidance,innovation drive and core response,thus promoting the development of the veto system in a more fair,just and efficient direction.