野生反刍动物戊型肝炎病毒流行病学研究进展

Progress in epidemiological research on hepatitis E virus in wild ruminant animals

戊型肝炎病毒(hepatitis E virus,HEV)是引起急性病毒性肝炎最常见的病原体之一。目前,HEV有8种不同的基因型,其中HEV基因1型和基因2型仅感染人,而基因3型和4型则是人畜共患的病毒。HEV在一些国家主要由通过食用受污染或未煮熟的猪肉引发传播,家猪和野猪通常被认为是HEV的主要宿主。然而,在过去的几年里,越来越多的证据表明,包括野鹿、野山羊等其他几种野生反刍动物也存在HEV感染的风险。因此,了解影响野生反刍动物与人类之间传播的风险因素,对于确定它们在HEV流行病学周期中的作用至关重要。对野生反刍动物HEV流行病学的最新进展进行综述,旨在为HEV的科学防制提供依据。

Hepatitis E virus(HEV)is one of the most common pathogens in acute viral hepatitis.There are at least eight distinct genotypes of HEV.Only humans can contract HEV genotypes 1 and 2,but zoonotic viruses like genotypes 3 and 4 are mostly spread by eating undercooked or infected pork in some affluent nations.As a result,boars,both domestic and wild,are typically regarded as primary hosts of HEV.Nevertheless,during the past few years,a growing body of research has demonstrated that a number of other wild ruminant animals,such as wild deer and goats,are also susceptible to HEV infection.Determining their participation in the epidemiological cycle of hepatitis E thus requires an understanding of the risk variables that influence the transmission between wild ruminants and humans.With an emphasis on published serological and molecular research,this review offers a broad summary of the body of knowledge currently available on the epidemiology of HEV in wild ruminants.It addresses potential risk factors that could impact the spread of HEV among animals as well as their potential to serve as a source of infectious zoonotic illnesses.It presents an overview of the most recent developments in the epidemiology of HEV in wild ruminants and offers a framework for HEV prevention and management based on science.