儿童1型糖尿病酮症酸中毒合并低钾血症的影响因素分析

Influencing Factors of Type 1 Diabetes Ketoacidosis with Hypokalemia in Children

目的分析儿童1型糖尿病酮症酸中毒合并低钾血症的影响因素。方法选择2018年4月—2023年4月淄博市妇幼保健院收治的48例儿童1型糖尿病酮症酸中毒患儿为研究对象,根据其是否合并低钾血症,将其分为合并组(n=25)与未合并组(n=23),收集一般资料,对低钾血症发生的单因素及多因素进行分析。结果合并组血镁水平低于未合并组,空腹血糖、糖化血红蛋白、摄入不足、使用利尿剂及胰岛素占比高于未合并组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。多元Logistic回归分析显示,摄入不足、使用利尿剂、使用胰岛素、血镁、空腹血糖、糖化血红蛋白指标异常是1型糖尿病酮症酸中毒患儿发生低钾血症的影响因素(P均<0.05)。结论儿童1型糖尿病酮症酸中毒患儿发生低钾血症的危险因素较多,临床需要提高警惕,做好针对性的防治措施,以减少低钾血症发生风险,改善患儿预后。

Objective To analyze the influencing factors of type 1 diabetic ketoacidosis complicated with hypokalemia in children.Methods A total of 48 children with type 1 diabetic ketoacidosis admitted to Zibo Maternal and Child Health Hospital from April 2018 to April 2023 were selected as the research objects.According to whether they were complicated with hypokalemia,they were divided into combined group(n=25)and uncombined group(n=23).General data were collected to analyze the single and multiple factors of hypokalemia.Results The blood magnesium level in the combined group was lower than that in the non-combined group,and the proportion of fasting plasma glucose,gly⁃cated hemoglobin A1c,insufficient intake,use of diuretics and insulin were higher than those in the non-combined group,and the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that insufficient intake,use of diuretics,use of insulin,blood magnesium,fasting plasma glucose,glycated hemoglobin A1c were influence factors for hypokalemia in children with type 1 diabetic ketoacidosis(all P<0.05).Conclusion There are many risk factors for hypokalemia in children with type 1 diabetic ketoacidosis.Clinically,it is necessary to be vigilant and take targeted prevention and treatment measures to reduce the risk of hypokalemia and improve the prognosis of children.