中国企业出口竞争力与数字驱动力:理论机制与实证检验

Chinese Enterprises’Export Competitiveness and Digital Driving Force:Theoretical Mechanism and Empirical Test

文章通过构建一个包含生产率和数字化投入的双异质贸易模型,从理论上分析了数字化投入对企业出口竞争力的影响;通过匹配2002—2020年中国投入产出表、中国海关出口企业数据库等测度了中国高技术企业出口竞争力及数字化投入水平,对研究假设进行了检验。研究发现:数字化投入显著且稳健地促进了企业出口竞争力的提升,且这种提升具有较强的动态依赖特征;企业生产率在此过程中发挥部分中介作用,企业数字化能力正向调节了中介过程的直接和间接路径;不同高技术细分产业存在明显的“新数字鸿沟”,表现为只有达到一定生产率门槛,数字化投入才能发挥效应;异质性分析结果表明,数字基础设施投入对企业出口竞争力的影响最大,处在东部地区和航空航天器以及设备制造业的企业数字化投入效应更强。

By constructing a dual heterogeneous trade model including productivity and digital input,this paper theoretically analyzes the influence of digital input on enterprises’export competitiveness,then measures the export competitiveness and digital input level of Chinese high-tech enterprises by matching China's input-output table from 2002 to 2020 and China Customs export enterprise database,and finally tests the research hypothesis.The findings are shown as the following:Digital input significantly and robustly promotes the ascension of enterprises’export competitiveness,and this kind of ascension has strong dynamic dependence characteristics.Enterprise productivity plays a partial mediating role in this process,while the digital capabilities of firms positively moderate both the direct and indirect paths of the mediating process.Additionally,there is a notable“new digital divide”in different high-tech sub-industries,which shows that only when a certain productivity threshold is reached,digital input can play a role.Heterogeneity analysis results indicate that investment in digital infrastructure has the greatest impact on enterprises’export competitiveness,and that the digital investment effect is stronger in the eastern region,and the aerospace and equipment manufacturing industry.