盾构隧道围岩特性实时获取技术研究进展

Research progress of real-time acquisition technologies for surrounding rock characteristics of shield tunnels

盾构法在隧道工程施工中广泛应用,实时获取盾构隧道围岩特性对于保障施工安全、提高施工效率及控制成本至关重要。本文从钻探技术、渣土分析、物探技术三个方面梳理了盾构隧道围岩特性实时获取技术的主要研究进展,归纳了现有技术并对其未来发展方向进行了展望。超前钻探虽能准确获取围岩信息,但受限于盾构设备和施工条件,其实施难度较大;基于掘进参数和渣土分析实时获取围岩特性的方法,准确性尚待验证;物探法则面临信号传输易受干扰、数据解译难度高以及物探设备与盾构设备适配性不足等挑战。为了实现盾构隧道围岩特性的实时获取,建议优化超前钻探设备与布局,结合多传感器数据和机器学习等技术提升掘进参数与渣土分析方法的准确性,同时提高物探设备的便携性和数据解译能力。在实际应用中,应综合考虑上述方法并根据工程的实际情况进行选择。

The shield method is extensively utilized in tunnel construction.Real-time acquisition of surrounding rock characteristics of shield tunnels plays an important role in ensuring construction safety,improving construction efficiency,and controlling construction costs.The main progress of real-time acquisition technologies for surrounding rock characteristics of shield tunnels was sorted out in terms of drilling technology,slag analysis,and geophysical exploration technology.The existing technologies were summarized,and the future development direction was discussed.Advanced drilling can accurately obtain surrounding rock information,but it is difficult to implement due to the limitations of shield equipment and construction conditions;the accuracy of obtaining real-time surrounding rock characteristics based on tunneling parameters and slag analysis needs to be verified;the geophysical exploration technology is easy to be interfered with in signal transmission,and it is difficult to interpret data.In addition,suitability of geophysical equipment suitability with shield equipment still needs to be improved.To realize the real-time acquisition of the surrounding rock characteristics of shield tunnels,it is necessary to optimize the advanced drilling equipment and layout.Multi-sensor data and machine learning technologies can be used to improve the accuracy of tunneling parameters and slag analysis.Meanwhile,it is necessary to improve the portability of the geophysical exploration equipment and its ability to interpret the data.In practical application,the above methods should be combined and selected according to the actual situation of the project.