美空军“多能人员”培养

Cultivation of“multi-capable airmen”in the U.S.Air Force

为备战未来战争,美空军发布“多能人员”训练大纲,启动一专多能人才队伍建设计划。聚焦美空军“多能人员”训练,厘清其实施背景、实施细则、经验做法以及存在问题,助力军队人才队伍建设。文献调查发现,美空军启动“多能人员”培训的根源在于其对未来战争环境的评估结果,受“敏捷战斗部署”作战概念的催化,以及美空军高级指挥官能力和风格的间接影响。文献调查结果表明,美空军目前在培训负责机构的设置、培训内容的制定、参训人员范围的规范方面作出了有益探索,但也存在一些问题,如如何调动参训人员的积极性、常态化设置培训计划等。

In order to prepare for the future warfare,the U.S.Air Force issued a“multi-capable airman”training program for the ground support personnel of its aviation unit,and launched the plan to establish a team of talents with one specialty along with various other skills.The background,implementation rules,experience and lessons,and existing problems of this training plan are analyzed to help with military personnel cultivation.It is found through a literature survey that the U.S.Air Force’s initiation of“multi-capable airman”training is rooted in its assessment on the future warfare environment,catalyzed by the concept of Agile Combat Employment(ACE),and promoted by multi-purpose senior commanders.It is also shown that the U.S.Air Force has made meaningful explorations in the setup of training institutions,formulation of training programs,and specification of the scope of trainees.But some problems have been identified,such as how to mobilize the enthusiasm of the trainees and make the training a routine practice.