由商鞅变法看动员潜力的建设与转化

Development and materialization of mobilization potential:Insights from Shang Yang's reform

聚焦商鞅变法中动员潜力建设、转化的具体举措,以长平之战为案例探究秦国动员潜力建设与转化对秦军战斗力的影响,进而总结提炼商鞅变法中潜力建设和转化的有益经验,为健全和完善国防动员制度提供历史借鉴。战国初期,秦国作为战国七雄中最弱小的一国,经商鞅变法后,“奋六世之余烈”,成为第一个统一华夏的封建王朝。商鞅变法虽有其历史局限性,但其以土地改革形式开展的动员潜力建设和以军事改革形式理顺的动员潜力转化方式,显著提升了秦国战时的后勤保障能力和秦军的军队规模、士气及装备生产能力,是秦军走向强大的关键转折。

Through the analysis of specific measures,it is explored in this paper how the development and materialization of mobilization potential affected the combat effectiveness of the Qin army,using the Changping Battle as a case study.The beneficial experience in this regard drawn from Shang Yang’s reform is summarized as the historical reference for improving and perfecting the national defense mobilization system in China today.In the early Warring States period,Qin,the weakest of the seven states,came to unify China and established the first feudal dynasty thanks to the efforts of six generations of monarchs after Shang Yang’s Reform.The mobilization potential was developed and materialized during Shang Yang’s reform-despite its historical limitations-through land reform and military reform.As a result,Qin’s wartime logistics support capability,the army size and morale,and equipment manufacturing capacity were significantly enhanced.The reform marked a pivotal turning point in the strengthening of Qin’s army.