陇中黄土丘陵区“耕—园”转换特征及其驱动机制——以甘肃省秦安县为例

Characteristics and Driving Mechanism of“Farmland-Garden Land Use”Transformation in Loess Hilly Area of Central Gansu:A Case Study of Qin'an County,Gansu Province

揭示“耕—园”转换的特征及其影响因素与驱动机制,对科学管理和合理利用土地资源、促进农村社会经济发展和乡村振兴具有重要意义。文章以甘肃省秦安县为例,基于1998、2008和2019年3期国土调查数据,综合运用土地利用转移矩阵、地理探测器及Arc GIS等手段和方法,系统分析了近20余年来秦安县“耕—园”转换演变过程、特征及其影响因素与驱动机制。结果表明:(1)1998—2019年,秦安县耕地面积减少和园地面积增长均极为显著,“耕—园”转换面积较大并呈现出明显的此消彼长的演变趋势。(2)研究期间全县“耕—园”持续快速转换,并由河谷地带向周边丘陵山区持续扩展。其中,二、三级海拔梯度[1400 m,1800 m)及斜坡[5°,15°)“耕—园”转换面积最大,坡向对“耕—园”转换的影响较小。(3)自然因素和社会经济因素对“耕—园”转换均具有重要影响,其中年均气温和高程对“耕—园”转换影响尤为显著。各因子之间交互作用显著,主要表现为非线性增强和双因子增强2种交互类型,其中非线性增强更为普遍。自然条件、城镇化、比较经济效益及政策制度是“耕—园”转换的主要驱动因素。

Revealing the characteristics,influencing factors and driving mechanism of"farmland-garden land use"transformation is of great significance for scientific management and rational utilization of farmland resources,and promoting rural socio-economic development and rural revitalization.Taking Qin'an County of Gansu Province as an example and based on the data of three national land surveys in 1998,2008 and 2019,this paper systematically analyzed the evolution process,characteristics,influencing factors and driving mechanism of the"farmland-garden land use"transformation in Qin'an County in 1998-2019 using the land use transfer matrix,geographic detector and ArcGIS.The results showed that:1)From 1998 to 2019,the farmland area decreased and the garden land use increased significantly in Qin'an County,and the transformation area of"farmland-garden land use"was large and showed an obvious trend of change.2)During the study,the county's"farmland-garden land use"continued to change rapidly,and expanded from the valley zone to the surrounding hills and mountains.Among them,the transformation area of the second and third elevations[1400 m,1800 m)and slopes[5°,15°)is the largest,and the influence of slope direction on the transformation is relatively small.3)Both natural factors and socio-economic factors have an important impact on the"farmland-garden land use"transformation,average annual temperature and elevation have a particularly significant impact on the"farmland-garden land use"transformation.The interaction between the factors is significant,which is mainly manifested in two interaction types:nonlinear enhancement and two-factor enhancement,among which nonlinear enhancement is more common.Natural conditions,urbanization,comparative economic benefits and policy institutions are the main driving factors for the transformation of"farmland-garden land use".