新县制的乡村治理困境——基于璧山档案中地方精英群体的分析

The Rural Governance Predicament of the New County System:An Analysis of the Local Elite Group Based on the Bishan Archives

1939年国民政府颁布并开始实施《县各级组织纲要》,标志着新县制改革的开始,对于包括璧山县在内的乡村社会而言,新县制的实施增强了基层公职身份在构建个人社会地位中的影响力,促进了原本拥有话语权的地方精英进一步“体制化”。在此过程中,“体制化”地方精英虽然有助于国民政府对乡村的控制,但其互相之间的利益竞争又加剧了乡村政治秩序的失调,形成了新县制下乡村治理的新困境。总体而言,新县制改革并不意味着基层政治的革命性变化,只是全面抗战时期国民政府加强乡村控制、资源汲取的另一种尝试,这种尝试也在地方精英利益争夺的牵制之下困境迭出、成效有限。

In 1939,the Nationalist Government promulgated and began to implement the Outline of Organizational Organizations at All Levels,marking the beginning of the reform of the New County System.For rural societies,including Bishan County,the New County System had strengthened the influence of grassroots public positions in constructing individual social status,and promoted the further"institutionalization"of local elites.In the process of reform,although the local elites contributed to the control of the rural areas by the National Government,the competition between them aggravated the imbalance of the rural political order and formed a new dilemma.In general,the reform of the New County System did not mean a revolutionary change in grassroots politics,but was just another attempt to strengthen rural control and resource extraction by the National Government during the Sino-Japanese War.Such attempts had also been constrained by the competing interests of local elites,and the effect of reform had been limited.