高等教育赋能新质生产力发展:机制逻辑与实证检验

Higher Education Empowers the Development of New Quality Productivity:Mechanism Logic and Empirical Tests

高等教育作为畅通教育、科技、人才良性循环的关键汇聚点,对推动经济社会高质量发展具有基础性作用,是促成新质生产力的先导性变量。基于2010—2022年中国省级面板数据,实证考察高等教育对新质生产力的影响及其内在机制,结果表明:高等教育对新质生产力发展具有显著的促进作用,该结论在一系列稳健性检验和内生性处理后仍然成立;人力资本积累、高校科技创新、产学研合作及产业结构高级化是高等教育推动新质生产力水平提升的重要渠道;高等教育对新质生产力的赋能效应在中西部地区、经济发展水平较低地区中更为明显;而且这种正向影响具有空间溢出效应,对空间邻近地区的促进作用更强。我国应从以下方面推动新质生产力加快发展:进一步优化高等教育资源配置,完善中西部地区教育政策供给体系;切实增强高等教育的传导效果,汇聚培植新质生产力的教育势能;建立新质生产力发展的空间关联意识,畅通高等教育、科技、人才要素的跨区域循环机制。

As a critical convergence point for fostering a virtuous cycle among education,technology,and talent,higher education plays a foundational role in promoting high-quality economic and social development and serves as a key variable in the formation of new quality productivity.Based on provincial panel data from China spanning 2010 to 2022,this study empirically examines the impact of higher education on new quality productivity and its underlying mechanisms.The results show that higher education significantly promotes the development of new quality productivity,and this conclusion holds after a series of robustness checks and treatments for endogeneity.Human capital accumulation,technological innovation in universities,industry-university-research collaboration,and industrial upgrading are important channels through which higher education enhances new quality productivity.The empowering effect of higher education on new quality productivity is more pronounced in the central and western regions,as well as in areas with lower levels of economic development.Moreover,this positive impact exhibits spatial spillover effects,with stronger benefits for neighboring regions.To accelerate the development of new-quality productivity,China should further optimize the allocation of higher education resources and improve the educational policy supply system in the central and western regions.It is crucial to enhance the transmission effects of higher education and harness the educational momentum needed to cultivate new-quality productivity.Additionally,the country should develop an awareness of spatial linkages in new quality productivity development and facilitate cross-regional circulation mechanisms for higher education,technology and talent resources.