非政府组织:概念辨析、发展演化及本土审视

Non-Governmental Organizations:Definitions,Evolution and Local Review

国内学界普遍将非政府组织概念界定为具有非政府、非营利性、公益性等特点的社会组织。这种定义很大程度上沿用了西方释义,导致与字面含义的不匹配。对非政府组织概念辨析,揭示其背后的特征杂糅、意识形态和价值预设、潜在“去国家化”的价值倾向等问题。非政府组织在国际组织承认、新自由主义和全球化、多元主义等因素的共同作用下,实现了从地区向全球的生成、演化与发展,为理解和把握非政府组织的本质提供一个新的角度。在这样的背景下,应基于我国政情社情实际考察非政府组织的概念,思考未来非政府组织本土化之路何去何从。

In China,non-governmental organizations are generally defined as non-profit social organizations featuring public welfare.This definition largely follows a Western interpretation,leading to a mismatch with its literal meaning.Based on a conceptual review,this study discusses the concept of non-governmental organizations in the Chinese context,and reveals problems such as the mix of characteristics,the presupposition of ideology and value,and the value tendency of“denationalization”.Under the joint influence of international organization recognition,neoliberalism,globalization,pluralism and other factors,non-governmental organizations have transformed from regionalization to globalization,which provides a new perspective for understanding them.We should consider the future path of their localization based on the political and social conditions in China.