代际居住安排对中国老年人家庭养老脆弱性的影响

The Influence of Intergenerational Living Arrangements on Family Care Vulnerability of Chinese Older Adults

代际居住安排作为家庭组织结构的显性表征,形塑了差异化的家庭养老实践,对家庭养老脆弱性产生重要影响。基于2018年中国老年社会追踪调查(CLASS)数据,通过采用Ordered Logit模型,分析代际居住安排对老年人家庭养老脆弱性的影响及其作用机制。研究发现:当前中国老年人家庭养老整体上呈现中高脆弱性特征,老年家庭的代际居住安排以“亲密有间”的代际近邻而居为主;相较于代际同住和代际远距离居住,与子女近邻而居的老年人家庭养老脆弱性最低,但这一结论存在群体差异;代际最优居住间隔为非本街道/乡(镇)的同一区/县,其次为非本村/居委会的同一街道/乡(镇);子代情感支持在不同代际居住安排与老年人家庭养老脆弱性之间发挥相对中介作用。

Intergenerational living arrangements reflecting the family organization structure shape differentiated family care practices and significantly affect the vulnerability of family care for older adults. Using the 2018 China Longitudinal Aging Social Survey(CLASS) and an Ordered Logit regression model, this study analyzes the impact of intergenerational living arrangements on the vulnerability of family care for older adults and its mechanisms. The study reveals that the family care for older adults in China generally exhibits characteristics of moderate to high vulnerability, with the intergenerational living arrangements of families with older adults predominantly featuring close intergenerational proximity. Compared to intergenerational coresidence and long-distance living arrangements, living adjacent to adult children shows the lowest vulnerability, although this conclusion varies across different groups. The optimal intergenerational living distance is within the same district/county but not the same street/township, followed by within the same street/township but not the same village/neighborhood committee. Adult children's emotional support plays a relative mediating role between intergenerational living arrangements and the vulnerability of family care for older adults.