大学生“躺平”心态剖析

An Analysis of University Students’Mentality of“Tang Ping”

采用社会心理学视角,深入分析大学生群体中出现的“躺平”心态,并结合半结构访谈,归纳出大学生在面对激烈竞争压力时展现的五种策略性应对方式,即“努力”“内卷”“躺平”“摆烂”和“空想”。进一步研究揭示“躺平”与“内卷”等其他四种心态类型之间的关联逻辑与过渡性关系,并运用自我决定理论(SDT)框架剖析“躺平”心态背后的心理动力机制后发现:大学生的“躺平”心态具有竞争压力应对策略的双元性特点,蕴含着双向发展的可能性。“均衡—适应”原则与“目标—投入”关系的教育及引导,可调动“躺平”的能动因素,化解惰性因素,促进大学生构建积极进取的社会心态以应对日益增长的社会竞争压力。

The mentality of“tang ping”has emerged among university students from a social psychology per⁃spective,and combined with semi-structured interviews,five strategic coping styles exhibited by college stu⁃dents in response to intense competitive pressure-i.e.“making great efforts”,“neijuan”,“tang ping”,“bai lan”(lit.‘let it rot’;to actively embrace a deteriorating situation,rather than trying to turn it around),and“fan⁃tasizing or daydreaming”-can be induced.Further research,which reveals the correlative logic and transition⁃al relationship between“tang ping”and the other four strategic coping styles such as“neijuan”and utilizes the framework of the Self-Determination Theory(SDT)to analyze the psychological motivations behind the mentali⁃ty of“tang ping”,finds that university students’mentality of“tang ping”is characterized by duality in coping with competitive pressure,suggesting the possibility of dual-directional development.It is accordingly suggest⁃ed that the education and guidance of“balance-adaptation”principle and the“goal-input”relationship can mobilize the dynamic aspects of“tang ping”and dissolve its inertia aspects,so as to promote university stu⁃dents to build a positive social mentality to cope with the increasing social competitive pressure.