我国女性公民科学素质的现状及提升对策研究——基于第十三次中国公民科学素质抽样调查数据

Research on the Current Situation and Improvement Strategies of Scientific Literacy of Female Citizens in China:Based on the Data from the 13th Sampling Survey of Scientific Literacy of Chinese Citizens

女性在经济社会发展中发挥重要作用,女性科学素质建设对构建高素质创新大军、促进生产力的实践转化具有重要意义。本文通过分析第十三次中国公民科学素质抽样调查数据,探索女性科学素质水平在地域、城乡、年龄段、学历段、职业群体、对科技信息的感兴趣程度、获取科技信息渠道等方面的不同表征。结果显示,我国女性公民科学素质增速较快,男女差距逐年缩小,但整体水平较低,各维度得分均低于全国水平;我国女性公民科学素质水平存在地区差异,城镇高于乡村,东部高于中部和西部;我国女性公民科学素质水平随年龄增加而降低,随学历增加而增加,且各年龄段、各学历段均低于全国水平;我国女性公民对科技发展支持度高,对科技信息感兴趣程度多为一般;我国女性公民多通过数字化产品获取科技信息,科普基础设施利用率低。在此基础上,本文提出提升我国女性公民科学素质水平的对策建议如下:优化社会性别意识文化观念,加快弥合城乡科学素质鸿沟;建立覆盖全国的女性教育培训体系,健全女性教育、就业保障机制;突出女性科普工作重点、要点,聚焦女性群体开展科普活动;拓宽利用数字技术获取科技信息的渠道,营造女性参与科学的良好氛围。

Women play an important role in economic and social development,and the construction of women’s scientific literacy is of great significance for building a high-quality innovation army and promoting the practical transformation of productivity.This article aims to analyze the development status of scientific literacy among female citizens in China and propose suggestions for improving their level of scientific literacy.By analyzing the data from the 13th Chinese Citizen Science Literacy Sampling Survey,this study explores the different manifestations of women’s scientific literacy levels in terms of region,urban-rural area,age group,educational level,occupational group,level of interest in scientific and technological information,and channels for obtaining scientific and technological information.The results show that the scientific literacy of female citizens in China has grown rapidly,and the gender gap has been narrowing yearly.However,the overall level is relatively low,with scores in all dimensions lower than the national level.There are regional differences in the scientific literacy level of female citizens in China,with higher levels in urban areas than in rural areas and higher levels in the eastern region than in the central and western regions.The scientific literacy level of female citizens in China decreases with age and increases with education,and is lower than the national level in all age and education groups.Female citizens in our country have a high level of support for technological development,and their interest in technological information is generally average.Female citizens in our country often obtain technological information through digital products,and the utilization rate of science popularization infrastructure is low.On this basis,the following countermeasures and suggestions are proposed to improve the scientific literacy level of female citizens in China.First,optimize social gender awareness and cultural concepts and accelerate the bridging of the urban-rural scientific literacy gap.Second,establish a nationwide women’s education and training system,and improve the mechanism for ensuring women’s education and employment.Third,highlight the key points of women’s science popularization work and focus on women’s groups to carry out science popularization activities.Fourth,expand the channels for utilizing digital technology to obtain technological information and create a favorable atmosphere for women’s participation in science.