非正式情境促进女生科学学习的功能与策略探析

Exploring the Functions and Strategies of Informal Contexts toPromote Girls’Science Learning

女生的科学学习一直是国际科学教育领域关注的重点议题,基于非正式情境的科学学习作为发生在正规学校教育框架之外的学习活动,对提升女生的科学素质具有显著作用。本文基于系统性文献梳理与分析,发现非正式情境对于促进女生科学学习具有独特功能:延展学习时空,促进女生科学学习中成长型思维的培养;创设丰富情境,助力女生科学兴趣的提升;关照性别特质,帮助女生塑造稳固的科学身份;协同辐射家庭与学校,为女生终身科学学习奠基。利用非正式情境促进女生科学学习的主要策略有四点:关照性别差异与针对性,激发女生的科学参与;创新内容与形式,增强女生的科学兴趣与身份认同;整合多方资源,持续赋能女生的科学学习;实施多元评估,彰显女生学习结果的多样性。本文从非正式情境视角探析促进女生科学学习的功能与策略,以期为消解科学学习中的性别差异、促进女生的科学学习提供新的视角和思路。

Girls’science learning has always been a critical issue in the international science education field,and science learning based on informal contexts,as a learning activity that occurs outside the framework of formal school education,plays a significant role in enhancing the scientific literacy of girls.Based on a systematic review and analysis of the literature,this paper finds that informal contexts have unique functions in promoting girls’science learning:they extend learning time and space,encouraging the cultivation of a growth mindset in girls’science learning;they create rich contexts,helping girls’interest in science;they take care of gender-specific qualities’helping girls to build a solid scientific identity;and they coordinate with the family and the school,laying the foundation of lifelong science learning for girls.There are four main strategies to promote girls’science learning through informal contexts:taking into account gender differences and relevance to stimulate girls’participation in science;innovating the content and form to enhance girls’interest in science and their identity;integrating resources from various sources to empower girls’science learning continuously;and implementing diverse assessments to highlight the diversity of girls’learning outcomes.This paper explores the functions and strategies of promoting girls’science learning from the perspective of informal contexts,aiming to provide new perspectives and ideas for dissolving gender differences in science learning and promoting girls’science learning.