2020—2022年海南省某石油炼化企业338名苯系物作业工人血常规纵向分析

Longitudinal analysis of blood routine in 338 workers exposed to BTEX in a petroleum refining enterprise in Hainan Province from 2020 to 2022

目的了解2020—2022年海南省石油炼化企业苯系物(benzene,toluene,ethylbenzene,and xylenes,BTEX)暴露工人血常规异常率及趋势,进而精准的为BTEX暴露工人制定有效的预防控制措施。方法以2020—2022年海南省某石油炼化企业连续3年接触BTEX且工龄≥1年的工人作为研究对象,纵向分析BTEX暴露与工人血细胞计数异常率之间的关系。结果2020—2022年海南省某石油炼化企业共有338名BTEX暴露工人连续3年进行健康检查,其中男性302人,女性36人;2020—2022年石油炼化企业工人白细胞、血小板、中性粒细胞、红细胞和男性血红蛋白浓度比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05),其中白细胞计数平均值逐年增高,分别为6.71×10^(9)/L、7.02×10^(9)/L和7.09×10^(9)/L;2020—2022年男性BTEX暴露职工红细胞异常率3年分别为5.63%、3.97%和12.58%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同年龄女性血红蛋白浓度差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);男性红细胞异常率随着工龄的增加而增加,分别为3.36%、5.96%和9.81%(P<0.05);男性不同吸烟情况血红蛋白浓度和中性粒细胞异常率均呈下降趋势,不同饮酒情况血红蛋白浓度异常率呈下降趋势,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);女性中性粒细胞与血小板异常率高于男性,而男性红细胞异常率高于女性,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论长期低浓度BTEX暴露对男性红系血液具有潜在毒性,需要对接触BTEX的工人进行量化苯系物测量的纵向研究,以确认低水平BTEX暴露的血液毒性。

Objective To understand the abnormal rate and trend of blood routine among workers exposed to benzene,toluene,ethylbenzene,and xylenes(BTEX)in the petroleum refining enterprise in Hainan Province from 2020 to 2022,so as to develop effective preventive and control measures for BTEX exposed workers.Methods The study focused on workers who have been exposed to BTEX for 3 consecutive years and have worked for at least 1 year in a petroleum refining enterprise in Hainan Province from 2020 to 2022,and a longitudinal analysis was used to explore the relationship between BTEX exposure and abnormal blood cell count in workers.Results From 2020 to 2022,a total of 338 BTEX exposure workers in a petroleum refining enterprise in Hainan Province underwent health checks for 3 consecutive years,including 302 men and 36 women.From 2020 to 2022,there were statistically significant differences in the levels of white blood cells,platelets,neutrophils,red blood cells,and male'hemoglobin concentration of workers in petroleum refining enterprise among 3 years(all P<0.05),and the average white blood cell count was increasing year by year,which were 6.71×10^(9)/L,7.02×10^(9)/L and 7.09×10^(9)/L,respectively.The red blood cell abnormality rate among male workers exposed to BTEX in 3 years was 5.63%,3.97%and 12.58%,respectively,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).There was statistically significant difference in the hemoglobin concentration among females in different age groups(P<0.05).The red blood cell abnormality rate among male workers increased with working years,which were 3.36%,5.96%and 9.81%(P<0.05).The hemoglobin concentration and neutrophil abnormality rate in males showed a decreasing trend under different smoking conditions,the abnormal rate of hemoglobin concentration in males under different drinking conditions showed a decreasing trend,and the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05).The abnormal rates of neutrophils and platelets in females were higher than those in males,while the abnormal rate of red blood cells in males was higher than that in females,and the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05).Conclusion Long term exposure to low concentrations of BTEX has potential toxicity to male erythroid related blood,and a longitudinal study is needed to quantify benzene series measurements in workers exposed to BTEX to confirm the blood toxicity of low-level BTEX exposure.