基于logistic回归与fsQCA模型的建筑工人健康素养现状与影响因素分析

Analysis on current situation and influencing factors of construction workers'health literacy:Based on logistic regression and fsQCA model

目的分析建筑工人健康素养现状及其影响因素,为开展健康教育工作和制定相关卫生健康政策提供参考依据。方法2022年4—12月,采用多阶段分层随机抽样的方法,选取济南市6个区县的建筑工人作为调查对象,采用自行设计的调查问卷收集资料,运用二分类logistic回归模型和fs QCA模型分析健康素养的影响因素。结果济南市2332名建筑工人的健康素养水平较低,仅有16.9%的受访者具备健康素养。Logistic回归显示,劳动关系、教育程度和工资水平均是建筑工人健康素养的影响因素(均P<0.05)。FsQCA模型显示,提高健康素养不能仅靠单一因素的作用,而须各个因素共同作用,其中教育程度、工资水平和工作时长在提升健康素养的路径中发挥了核心作用。结论济南市建筑工人的健康素养水平有待进一步提高,应与建筑工人建立正式劳动关系并加强健康教育以及合理设置工作时长。同时logistic回归与fs QCA模型两种方法共同使用可以更加充分、深刻地分析各因素与健康素养之间的关系,为提高建筑工人健康素养提供了新的思路。

Objective To analyze the status quo of health literacy of construction workers and its influencing factors,provide reference for carrying out health education and formulating related health policies.Methods From April to December 2022,the construction workers from 6 districts and counties in Jinan City were selected as research objects by multi-stage stratified random sampling.The data were collected by self-designed questionnaire,and the influencing factors of health literacy were analyzed by binary logistic regression model and fsQCA model.Results The health literacy level of 2332 construction workers in Jinan City was low,and only 16.9%of respondents had health literacy.The logistic regression showed that labor relations,education level and wage level were the influencing factors of health literacy among construction workers(all P<0.05).The fsQCA model that showed improving health literacy cannot rely solely on a single factor,but rather on the combined effects of various factors,among which education level,salary level,and working hours played a core role in the path of improving health literacy.Conclusions The health literacy level of construction workers in Jinan City should be further improved,and formal labor relations,health education and reasonable working hours should be provided for construction workers.At the same time,logistic regression and fsQCA model can be used together to fully and profoundly understand the relationship between influencing factors and health literacy,which provides a new way to analyze the influencing factors of health literacy.