数字普惠金融发展对教育机会公平的影响

The Impact of Digital Inclusive Finance Development on Equity in Educational Opportunities

教育公平事关社会的公平正义,其中最主要的是提供机会公平。本文基于中国家庭追踪调查数据和北京大学数字普惠金融指数数据,研究数字普惠金融发展对教育机会公平的影响。研究结果表明:数字普惠金融发展显著促进了教育机会公平;在提高家庭教育支出整体基准水平的基础上,弱化了家庭教育支出的群体差距。数字普惠金融发展对校外教育机会公平的促进作用最为明显,其次是学校教育机会公平。机制分析表明,数字普惠金融发展通过缓解家庭流动性约束和减轻收入不平等的途径促进教育机会公平。异质性分析结果表明,数字普惠金融对低文化资本家庭和低经济资本家庭的教育机会公平促进效应更为显著,而对农村地区家庭未能体现教育公平效应。

Educational equity is related to social fairness and justice,the most important of which is the provision of fair opportunities.This article uses China Family Panel Survey data and Peking University Digital Financial Inclusion Index data to study the impact of the development of digital financial inclusion on equity in educational opportunities.The research results show that:the development of digital inclusive finance has significantly promoted the equity of educational opportunities;on the basis of increasing the overall benchmark level of family education expenditure,it has weakened the group gap in family education expenditure.The development of digital inclusive finance has the most obvious effect on promoting the equality of educational opportunities outside of school,followed by the equality of educational opportunities in schools.Mechanism analysis shows that the development of digital financial inclusion promotes equity in educational opportunities by easing household liquidity constraints and reducing income inequality.The results of heterogeneity analysis show that digital inclusive finance has a more significant effect on promoting equity in educational opportunities for families with low cultural capital and families with low economic capital,while it fails to reflect the educational equity effect for families in rural areas.