上海口岸2023年出入境人员多病共防流行特征分析

Analysis of the epidemic characteristics of multi-diseases prevention and control in exit-entry personnel at Shanghai port in 2023

目的通过分析2019年新冠病毒感染疫情前后上海口岸出入境人员多病共防数据,掌握流行特征的变化,做好口岸多病共防工作。方法对2023年和2018—2019年上海口岸出入境人员健康申报、检疫排查、流行病学调查数据及实验室检测结果等进行整理和分析。结果和2018—2019年相比,2023年的出入境人员总数不足2019年新冠病毒感染疫情前的50%,而采样率、阳性样本数和总阳性率分别增加132.01%、10.18%和14.35%;呼吸道、消化道、虫媒及血液、接触及其他方式传播病原体的阳性数构成比依次为94.59%、4.15%、0.81%、0.38%,排名前3的疾病为甲型流感(87.00%)、乙型流感(6.50%)、肠出血性大肠杆菌感染(1.26%)。呼吸道病原体阳性数量的时间分布差异无统计学意义(U=47.000,Z=-1.444,P=0.149),而消化道(U=37.000,Z=-2.026,P=0.043)、虫媒及血液(U=18.500,Z=3.150,P=0.002)、接触及其他方式传播病原体(U=40.500,Z=-1.975,P=0.048)阳性数量的时间分布差异有统计学意义。病例来源地区的差异(χ^(2)=42.436,P<0.001)有统计学意义,来源地区以东亚最多(28.13%),其次为东南亚(27.59%);病例的性别比、年龄差异无统计学意义(U=33.000,Z=0.105,P=0.916)。结论新冠病毒感染疫情后出入境人员总数减少,但多病共防监测效率明显提升;病原体仍以呼吸道传播病原体为主。

Objective To analyze the changes in the epidemic characteristics of multi-diseases prevention and control before and after COVID-19 epidemic at Shanghai port,to obtain the differences of epidemic characteristics and implement and improve the multi-diseases prevention and control.Methods The data of health declaration,quarantine inspection,epidemiological survey and laboratory test of exit and entry personnel at Shanghai port in 2023 and 2018-2019,were collected and analyzed as multi-diseases prevention and control data.Results Compared with 2018-2019,the total amount of exit-entry personnel was less than 50%,while the sampling rate,positive sample number and total positive rate increased by 132.01%,10.18%and 14.35%.The percentage of positive pathogens for the respiratory,digestive,vector&blood-borne,contact&other transmissions accounted for 94.59%,4.15%,0.81%and 0.38%of the total positive cases,respectively.Among these,influenza A had the highest proportion(87.00%),followed by influenza B(6.50%)and Enterohemorrhagic E.coli(EHEC)infection(1.26%).There was no statistical differences in the temporal distribution of pathogen(U=47.000,Z=-1.444,P=0.149)counts for respiratory.In contrast,there were statistical differences in the temporal distribution for pathogen counts of pathogen transmitted by digestive(U=37.000,Z=-2.026,P=0.043),vector&blood-borne(U=18.500,Z=3.150,P=0.002),contact&others(U=40.500,Z=-1.975,P=0.048).There were statistical differences in the original areas of cases,original areas were mostly from East Asia(28.13%),followed by Southeast Asia(27.59%).There was no statistical differences in gender(χ^(2)=1.539,P=0.215)and age(U=33.000,Z=0.105,P=0.916)of the cases.Conclusion The total number of exit and entry personnel decreased,but there was an enhancement in the efficiency of multi-diseases prevention and control surveillance.The respiratory pathogens were dominating pathogens.