郑州市常见呼吸道传染病病原体分布特点

Distribution characteristics of pathogens of common respiratoryinfectious diseases,Zhengzhou

目的探讨常见呼吸道传染疾病的特点及预防策略,为传染病防控提供指导。方法选取郑州市2013年1月—2022年12月郑州大学附属第一、第二、第三医院确诊的常见呼吸道传染病4166例进行回顾性分析,统计各类呼吸道传染病的年度发病率、不同季节及不同人群的发病特征。结果郑州市2013—2022年上报的常见呼吸道传染病4166例患者中,肺结核的发病率最高,达到38.00/10万;其次为流行性腮腺炎19.00/10万、流行性感冒18.00/10万。肺结核、流行性腮腺炎、麻疹、风疹、猩红热患者中男性分别占58.05%、71.26%、57.00%、60.00%、62.86%,均高于女性;流行性感冒、百日咳患者中女性占比分别为55.78%、64.52%,高于男性;肺结核患者多为18~59岁(41.42%)和≥60岁(57.00%)人群,流行性腮腺炎、流行感冒、麻疹、猩红热、百日咳患者多为1~13岁,分别占80.74%、50.22%、56.00%、70.00%、43.75%。2020—2022年流行性感冒发病率依次为2.54%、3.32%、3.04%。结论郑州市2013—2022年医院确诊的常见呼吸道传染病发病率较高的是肺结核,主要集中在青少年和婴幼儿人群,且发病有明显的季节性,应针对性予以防控。

Objective To explore the characteristics and prevention strategies of common respiratory infectious diseases,provide guidance for infectious disease prevention and control.Methods A total of 4166 cases of common respiratory infectious diseases diagnosed by the First,Second and Third Affiliated Hospitals of Zhengzhou University from January 2013 to December 2022 were selected for retrospective analysis.The annual incidence rate,seasonal incidence characteristics and incidence characteristics of different groups of common respiratory infectious diseases were counted.Results Among the 4166 cases of respiratory infectious diseases reported in hospitals from 2013 to 2022 in Zhengzhou,the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis was the highest,reached 38.00 per 100 thousands,followed by mumps(19.00 per 100 thousands)and influenza(18.00 per 100 thousands).The proportion of male patients with pulmonary tuberculosis,mumps,measles,rubella and scarlet fever was 58.05%,71.26%,57.00%,60.00%and 62.86%,respectively,which were higher than that of female.The proportion of female patients with influenza and pertussis was 55.78%and 64.52%,respectively,higher than that of male.The highest proportion of patients with tuberculosis were 18-59 years old(41.42%)and≥60 years old(57.00%).The highest proportion of patients with pulmonary mumps,influenza,measles,scarlet fever and whooping cough were 1-13 years old,they were 80.74%,50.22%,56.00%,70.00%and 43.75%,respectively.The incidence of influenza in 2020-2022 was 2.54%,3.32%and 3.04%.Conclusion In general,the high incidence rate of common respiratory infectious diseases diagnosed by hospitals in Zhengzhou from 2013 to 2022 was pulmonary tuberculosis.The population was mainly young people and infants,and the incidence had obvious seasonal characteristics.Therefore,targeted prevention and control measures should be taken.