近代汕头海港检疫制度的建立、发展与嬗变

The establishment,development and change to the modern quarantine system at Swatow seaport

近代中国海港检疫权旁落,西方殖民者在汕头建立海港检疫制度。汕头成为近代广东最先建立海港检疫制度的城市。梳理汕头海港检疫制度内容及其发展历程,其大致分为2个阶段:1883—1926年,西方人掌管汕头海关,检疫制度初步发展;1926—1949年,中国政府收回海港检疫权并改革检疫制度,却因陷于多方权力之争难以落实。在权力更迭、制度嬗变的过程中,民众的基本利益难以得到重视与保障。近代汕头海港检疫制度发展史反映了民国时期广东地区海港检疫制度的变迁,也是当时中国海港检疫发展的缩影。

The right of seaports to quarantine in modern China was lost to western colonists in the 1880s.The establishment of the quarantine system at Swatow seaport made Swatow the first city in modern Guangdong to have such a system.This paper examines the content and development of the quarantine system at Swatow seaport and found the two main periods of the quarantine system development.1883-1926 was the period for the preliminary development of the quarantine system,which was under the management of the westerners.1926-1949 was the period when it was regained by the then Chinese government but it was caught in a bid of multiple political powers before new China evolved.In such a process of power shifts and system changes,the benefits to the public were not valued and guaranteed.The development history of the quarantine system in modern Swatow seaport in the Republic of China Period mirrored the development of the quarantine system in China at thattime.