北京市社区老年人运动认知功能减退综合征患病情况及影响因素分析

Analysis of the prevalence and influencing factors of motor cognitive impairment syndrome in elderly people in Beijing communities

目的分析北京市社区老年人运动认知减退综合征(MCR)的患病情况及其影响因素。方法选取北京老龄化多维纵向研究(BLSA)2017年调查数据进行分析,共纳入1491例60岁及以上老年人,收集人口学资料、生活习惯、患慢性疾病情况等,并进行认知功能和活动能力的评估。根据MCR诊断标准计算患病率,采用多因素logistic回归分析MCR的危险因素。结果北京市社区老年人MCR患病率为8.1%。居住在农村、受教育程度低、自我感觉耐力下降、抑郁、很少参加体育锻炼、患有共病、不做家务的老人MCR患病率更高,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),调整相关混杂因素后,logistic回归分析结果显示自我感觉耐力下降(OR=2.148,95%CI:1.326~3.480,P=0.002),抑郁状态(OR=2.073,95%CI:1.325~3.244,P=0.001)是MCR的危险因素;居住在城市(OR=0.412,95%CI:0.248~0.685,P=0.001)、每天锻炼2 h以上(OR=0.477,95%CI:0.251~0.906,P=0.024)、经常做家务(OR=0.509,95%CI:0.324~0.800,P=0.003)是MCR的保护性因素。结论北京市社区老年人MCR的发生率较高。积极锻炼、减少焦虑状况、经常做家务等能减少MCR的发生。

Objective To analysis the prevalence and influencing factors of motoric cognitive risk syndrome(MCR)among community-dwelling older adults in Beijing.Methods Data were from Beijing Longitudinal Study of Aging(BLSA).A total of 1491 individuals were included.Information was collected on demographics,lifestyle habits,cognitive abilities,physical activity levels,and chronic diseases.The prevalence of MCR was calculated based on the diagnostic criteria,and multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the associated risk factors.Results The prevalence of MCR was 8.1%of Beijing community-dwelling older adults.The prevalence of MCR was significantly higher among elderly individuals living in rural areas,those with lower education levels,depression,multimorbidity,and those who perceive a decline in endurance,rarely participate in physical exercise,and those who do not do housework(P<0.05).After adjusting for confounding factors,the logistic regression analysis showed that self-perceived decline in physical endurance(OR=2.148,95%CI:1.326-3.480,P=0.002)and depressive symptoms(OR=2.073,95%CI:1.325-3.244,P=0.001)were risk factors for MCR.Living in urban areas(OR=0.412,95%CI:0.248-0.685,P=0.001),exercising for more than 2 hours a day(OR=0.477,95%CI:0.251-0.906,P=0.024),and frequently doing housework(OR=0.509,95%CI:0.324-0.800,P=0.003)were protective factors for MCR.Conclusions The incidence of MCR is high in the elderly of Beijing communities.Engaging in regular exercise,reducing anxiety,and frequently doing housework can help reduce the occurrence of MCR.