基于不同权重法联合TOPSIS模型的温室茄子调亏灌溉制度综合评价

Comprehensive evaluation of regulated deficit irrigation schedule of greenhouse eggplant based on different weight methods combined with TOPSIS model

为优化设施作物调亏灌溉策略,实现节水增产提质目标,以温室茄子为研究对象,参考0~60 cm土层平均田间持水量(θf),在苗期、开花坐果期和成熟采摘期分别设置2种水分调亏水平(重度水分调亏50%~55%θf、轻度水分调亏70%~75%θf),以80%~85%θf作为对照(CK处理),研究不同调亏水平对植株生长(株高和叶面积指数LAI)、产量构成(地上干物质量AB、单果质量WS、平均横径TD、平均纵径LD和产量)、果实品质(可溶性糖SSC和可溶性蛋白质SPC)和水分利用(耗水量ET、水分利用效率WUE和灌溉水利用效率IWUE)的影响,利用TOPSIS模型引入信息量权重法和CRITIC权重法对不同调亏处理进行了综合评价。结果表明,温室茄子在苗期施加轻度水分调亏有利于株高和LAI的提高,开花坐果期轻度水分调亏显著影响AB、WS、TD和LD,但苗期或成熟采摘期施加轻度水分调亏对产量形成无影响;开花坐果期施加轻度水分调亏下产量、WUE和IWUE最高,并且ET较CK处理减少11.6%;苗期或开花坐果期施加重度水分调亏有利于提高SSC,而提高SPC不宜施加重度水分调亏;利用TOPSIS模型多目标综合分析法对不同调亏灌溉处理进行了评价,发现苗期和开花坐果期80%~85%θf、成熟采摘期70%~75%θf的土壤水分管理模式可实现产量、品质和水分利用效率的最优化。因此,在成熟采摘期施加轻度水分调亏而其他生育期保持CK处理是温室茄子栽培的最佳调亏灌溉策略。

To optimize regulated deficit irrigation strategy of facility crops and achieve goal of water saving,high production and quality,taking eggplant grown in greenhouse as the object,and according to average field water capacity(θf)in depth of 0 to 60 cm soil layer,two water deficit levels were set at seedling stage,flowering and picking stages,respectively(severe water deficit was 50%~55%θf;mild water deficit was 70%~75%θf),with 80%~85%θf as a control(CK).Effects of regulated deficit irrigation on plant growth(plant height,leaf area index LAI),yield composition(aboveground dry matter mass AB,single fruit mass WS,transverse diameter TD,longitudinal diameter LD,yield),fruit quality(soluble sugar SSC,soluble protein SPC),and water use(water con-sumption ET,water use efficiency WUE,irrigation water use efficiency)were studied.TOPSIS model combined with information and CRITIC weight methods were introduced to evaluate each strategy.Results showed that plant height and LAI of greenhouse eggplant could be promoted when seedling were exerted mild water regulation deficit,while fruit AB,WS,TD and LD were significantly influ-enced when flowering exerted mild water regulation deficit.There was no effect on yield formation when seedling or picking stage exer-ted mild water regulation deficit.The highest yield,WUE and IWUE were obtained by applying mild water regulation deficit at flower-ing stage,and ET was reduced by 11.6%compared with CK treatment.Applying severe water deficit at seedling stage or flowering stage was conducive to increasing SSC,while increasing SPC was not conducive to applying severe water deficit strategy.Regulated deficit ir-rigation strategy was evaluated by using TOPSIS multi-objective comprehensive analysis method,and found that seedling and flowering keep 80%~85%θf,while picking stage exerted 70%~75%θf could achieve optimization of fruit morphology,quality and water use effi-ciency.In short,applying mild water deficit at picking stage and maintaining CK level in other two stages was the best regulated deficit irrigation strategy for greenhouse eggplant cultivation.