勺链式马铃薯播种机排种器设计与试验

Design and test of seed dispenser of spoon chain potato planter

针对目前勺链式马铃薯播种机存在重播率和漏播率较高、排种性能不优等问题,对勺链式马铃薯播种机关键部件进行设计。阐述了排种器的主要结构和工作原理,对排种过程中关键部件进行了理论分析与结构设计,并结合单因素仿真试验确定了影响排种性能主要因素的参数范围。通过3因素3水平二次正交回归旋转组合试验,寻求最佳工作参数组合,以排种链速度、种箱底板倾斜角度和排种器倾斜角度为试验因素,对试验数据进行分析,得到回归模型和因素对试验指标的影响关系,并对试验结果进行多目标优化。结果表明,排种链速度0.3 m/s、排种器倾斜角度8°和种箱底板倾角49.83°时,排种器的排种合格率92.01%、漏播率6.01%和重播率1.98%。在此优化参数下制作排种器,并进行台架试验,排种合格率90.26%、漏播率6.22%和重播率3.52%,验证了仿真优化结果的可靠性。结果表明,该勺链式马铃薯播种机有助于提高马铃薯播种作业效率和质量。

Aiming at problems of high reseeding rate and leakage rate and poor seed discharge performance current spoon chain potato planter,key components of poon chain potato planter were designed.Main structure and working principle of seed dispenser were de-scribed,and parameter ranges of main factors affecting seed dispensing performance were determined through theoretical analysis and structural design of key components in seed dispensing process and combined with single-factor simulation test.Through three-factor and three-level quadratic orthogonal regression rotary combination test,optimal working parameter combination was sought,and speed of seed discharging chain,tilting angle of seed box bottom plate and tilting angle of seed discharger were taken as test factors,and test data were analyzed to obtain regression model and relationship between influence of factors on test indexes.Multi-objective optimization was carried out on test results.Results showed that,when speed of seed discharging chain was 0.3 m/s,tilt angle of seed discharger was 8°,and inclination angle of seed box bottom plate was 49.83°,qualification rate of seed discharger was 92.01%,leakage rate was 6.01%,and reseeding rate was 1.98%.A seed dispenser with optimized parameters was produced and bench tests was conducted on it.Quali-fied rate of seeding was 90.26%,leakage rate was 6.22%,and reseeding rate was 3.52%,which verified reliability of simulation optim-ization results.Results indicated that spoon chain potato planter could help to improve efficiency and quality of potato sowing operations.