新型控释肥料对安徽沿江流域油菜生长和土壤酶活性的影响

Effects of new controlled-release fertilizer on rapeseed growth and soil enzyme activity along the Yangtze River in Anhui

为了改善油菜传统施肥模式,设置了对照(CK)、尿素一次性施肥(N_(180-1))、尿素分3次施肥(N_(180-3))和控释尿素一次性施肥(CRU_(180))4个施肥处理,分析了施用新型控释尿素油菜产量及经济效益、肥料利用率、地上部养分累积量和土壤酶活性的影响。结果表明,CRU_(180)和N_(180-3)处理的产量高于N_(180-1)处理,CRU_(180)的产量比N_(180-3)处理提高了6.77%。CRU_(180)处理的总收入高于N_(180-3)处理1050元·hm^(–2),纯收入比N_(180-3)处理增加了720元·hm^(–2)。与N_(180-1)处理相比,CRU_(180)和N_(180-3)处理的氮肥利用率提高了81.15%%和87.07%,偏生产力分别提高了58.57%和59.43%。CRU_(180)和N_(180-3)处理的薹期养分累积总量分别高于N_(180-1)处理10.85%和46.54%,成熟期养分累积总量分别高于N_(180-1)处理41.67%和40.77%。薹期内CRU_(180)处理的脲酶活性比N_(180-3)、N_(180-1)处理分别提高了42.31%和37.04%,与N_(180-1)处理相比,成熟期内CRU_(180)和N_(180-3)处理的土壤脲酶活性分别提高了22.58%和7.53%,蔗糖酶活性分别提高了12.34%和12.63%,均达到显著性差异。相关性分析表明脲酶、蔗糖酶活性与油菜养分累积量、产量之间呈显著正相关关系。综上结合油菜产量、氮肥利用率、土壤酶活性和经济效益,施用新型控释尿素是一种较好的施肥方式。

In order to improve the traditional fertilization practices for rapeseed,this study established four fertilization treatments:control(CK),urea one-time fertilization(N_(180-1)),urea divided into three fertilization(N_(180-3))and controlled release urea one-time fertilization(CRU_(180)).The effects of new controlled-release urea on rapeseed yield,economic benefits,fertilizer utilization rate,above-ground nutrient accumulation and soil enzyme activity of rapeseed were studied.The results showed that the rapeseed yields of CRU_(180)and N_(180-3)treatments were higher than that of N_(180-1),with CRU_(180)yielding a 6.77%increase compared to N_(180-3).The total revenue of CRU_(180)processing was 1050 Yuan·hm^(-2)higher than that of N_(180-3),and the net income was 720 Yuan·hm^(-2)greater than N_(180-3).Compared with N_(180-1),the nitrogen utilization rates of CRU_(180)and N_(180-3)were increased by 81.15%and 87.07%,respectively,while the partial productivities improved by 58.57%and 59.43%,respectively.The total nutrient accumulation of CRU_(180)and N_(180-3)treatments were 10.85%and 46.54%higher than that of N_(180-1)treatment in bud bolting stage,respectively,and 41.67%and 40.77%higher than that of N_(180-1)treatment in the mature stage,respectively.The urease activity of CRU_(180)treatment was increased by 42.31%and 37.04%compared with N_(180-3)and N_(180-1)treatments during the bud bolting stage,respectively.Compared with N_(180-1)treatment,the soil urease activities in CRU_(180)and N_(180-3)treatments were increased by 22.58%and 7.53%,respectively,while sucrase activities of CRU_(180)and N_(180-3)were increased by 12.34%and 12.63%at the mature stage,respectively(P<0.05).The correlation analysis showed that the nutrients accumulation and yield of rapeseed were positively correlated with the activities of urease and sucrase.Combined with the rapeseed yield,nitrogen utilization rate,soil enzyme activity and economic benefits,new controlled-release urea is a better way of fertilization in the production of rapeseed.