会计司粮庄内庄头和壮丁的身份地位问题——以应试资格为中心

The Identity and Status of the Zhuangtou(庄头)and Zhuangding(壮丁)in the Accounting Department’s Grain Manor:Centered on the Qualification for Taking the Exam

作为会计司粮庄的主要管理者和参与者,庄头和壮丁的来源颇为复杂。二者身份地位各异,应试资格便是直接体现。就庄头而言,在不同历史时期,针对不同类型庄头,清廷实行了相应的应试政策。其中,最引人注目的是投充庄头,其应试政策几经变更。就壮丁而言,在亲丁、壮丁、庄头户下壮丁和寄养人丁四种类型中,唯独壮丁长期处于旗人和奴仆之间的状态。道光朝以后,户口册内壮丁与亲丁“相互混合”现象的出现,从侧面反映了部分壮丁身份地位的提高,也为其日后应试资格的获得提供了依据。

As the main managers and participants of the Accounting Department’s Grain Farm,the sources of Zhuangtou and Zhuangding are complicated.The two have different identities and statuses,and their eligibility for the exam is directly reflected.As for Zhuangtou,in different historical periods,the Qing court implemented different exam oriented policies for different types of Zhuangtou.Among them,the most eye-catching is the Touchon Zhuangtou(投充庄头),whose exam taking policy had undergone several changes.As for the Zhuangding,among the four types,only Zhuangding has long been in a position between a banner man and a servant.After the reign of Emperor Daoguang,with the emergence of the phenomenon of“mixing”between strong Zhuangding and close Zhuangding in the household registration system,it not only indirectly reflected the improvement of the status of some Zhuangding;but also provided a basis for their future qualification for taking exams.