东北“三少”民族英雄史诗中的“莫日根”审美形象辨析

The Analysis of the Aesthetic Image of“Morigen”in the Epic of the“Three Shaos”Ethnic Heroes in Northeast China

“莫日根”是阿尔泰语系诸民族民间文学作品中共有的审美形象,它广泛存在于各类文学作品之中。在以赫哲族、鄂伦春族、达斡尔族为代表的东北“三少”民族的英雄史诗中,“莫日根”通常是贯穿全文的主角。根据史诗的情节内容,“莫日根”可分为惩恶扬善的正面莫日根和邪恶狠毒的反面莫日根,而人们通俗意义上理解的英雄,仅指正面莫日根。在史诗中,正、反两面莫日根具有较为明显的审美形象差异:正面莫日根的审美形象表现为正义与崇高相统一、强与善相统一,以及拥有“永生”的特质;反面莫日根的审美形象则表现为复仇心切、丑恶不堪,但有可能转化为正面莫日根的形象。正、反两面莫日根的审美共性则表现为兼具神性与人性、本领高强以及类型化的特征。

“Morigen”is an aesthetic image commonly found in folk literature works of various ethnic groups in the Altaic language family,and it is widely present in various literary works.In the heroic epics of the“Three Shaos”ethnic groups in Northeast China,represented by the Hezhe,Oroqen,and Daur ethnic groups,“Morigen”is usually the protagonist throughout the entire text.According to the plot content of the epic,“Morigen”can be divided into the positive Morigen who dispels evil and promotes good,and the nega⁃tive Morigen who is evil and vicious.However,the hero commonly understood by people only refers to the positive Morigen.In epic poetry,there are significant aesthetic differences between the positive and nega⁃tive aspects of Morigen:the aesthetic image of Morigen on the positive side is characterized by the unity of justice and nobility,strength and goodness,as well as the trait of“eternal life”.The aesthetic image of Mori⁃gen on the negative side is characterized by revenge obstruction,ugliness,and the ability to transform into a positive image of Morigen.The aesthetic commonality between the positive and negative aspects of Morigen is manifested in the combination of divinity and humanity,high ability and typification.