低龄未成年人犯罪的刑法规制——以“恶意补足年龄”规则为视角

Criminal Law Regulation of Juvenile Delinquency—From the Perspective of“Malicious Age Supplement”Practice

随着未成年人低龄化犯罪日趋加剧,现行刑法中关于刑事责任能力认定及未成年人刑事处罚的相关规定,凸显出刑事责任年龄制度过于僵化、非刑事处罚效果不佳、未成年人利益与社会利益失衡等问题,难以对低龄化犯罪实现有效规制。与我国《刑法》规定不同,英美法系国家以“恶意补足年龄”规则应对低龄未成年人犯罪,具有显著效果。然而,目前我国引入“恶意补足年龄”规则存在“恶意”判断与证明标准不一、适用犯罪类型不明、刑罚制度不完善的困境。通过厘清上述困境,试图探寻“恶意补足年龄”规则本土化适用的可行性路径,以满足我国刑法规制犯罪低龄化的现实需求。

With the increasing trend of juvenile delinquency,the relevant provisions in the current Criminal Law regarding the determination of criminal responsibility capacity and criminal punishment for minors have highlighted issues such as the overly rigid age of criminal responsibility system,ineffective non criminal punishment,and the imbalance between the interests of minors and society,making it difficult to effectively regulate juvenile delinquency.Different from the criminal law of our country,the law system of Anglo-American countries deal with juvenile crimes with the practice of“malicious age supplement”and the effect is remarkable.However,the introduction of the“malevolent age”practice in our country has some difficulties,such as different judgment and proof standards,unclear types of applicable crimes and imperfect penalty system.This paper attempts to clarify the above dilemmas in order to explore the feasible path of localization application of the“malicious age supplement”practice.