“义位?空义位”:语义变异路径互逆转化及其修辞加工

Sememe←→Zerosememe:Semantic Deviation Interconversion and Its Rhetorical Processingalso on Pragmatic/Language Priority Rules in Two-way Movement of Semantic Deviation

本文比对《现代汉语词典》第1--7版承载语义变异的目标语言单位发生在词义系统内外的变异现象,以自主构拟的“义位?空义位”双向转化的解释框架,依次解释:分属词汇身份和非词汇身份的“义位→空义位”语义变异承载体的信息结构和修辞加工;“空义位→义位”语义变异承载体的信息结构和修辞加工;实现“空义位→义位”词汇化的阶段性完成,可能是发生在词义系统内外新一轮意义再生产的开始。发生在词义系统内外的语义变异,是开放性的连续统。从词到非词的“突变”和从非词到词“渐变”的不同条件下,语用规则优先和语言规则优先分别支持语义变异的双向运动。希望从不同的方向,揭示自然语言的语义修辞化变异和修辞用法的词汇化沉淀复杂的表象背后可认知、可推导的简单规则。

Guided by the self-constructed"sememe←→zerosememe interconversion interpretation"framework,and based on a comparison of semantic deviation phenomena within and outside semantic systems in the language units that involve semantic deviation from the 1st to the 7th editions of Contemporary Chinese Dictionary,the following interpretations are presented:New lexical meanings can be regenerated within and outside the semantic system as a consequence of the following phenomena;information structure and rhetorical processing in sememe zerosememe semantic deviation carrier which can be categorized as lexicon or non-lexicon.Information structure and rhetorical processing in sememe zerosememe semantic deviation carrier and the segmental realization of zerosememe←→sememe lexicalization thus semantic deviation within and outside the semantic systems is an open continuum.In different situations of"abrupt change"from lexicon to non-lexicon or"gradual change"from non-lexicon to lexicon,the two-way movement of semantic deviation is respectively guided by the priority of pragmatic rules and language rules.This provides a new perspective for exploring recognizable and inferable rules behind the complex phenomena of deviation in lexical rhetoricalization and the lexicalization of rhetorical usages in natural language.