“双线索”复合模式与姓名称呼语的人际功能差异

Interpersonal Functional Dfferences Between"Double-procedure"Compound Pattern and Address Forms of Names in Chinese

汉语的复合结构,尤其是复合词,遵从“双线索”的组配模式,“双线索”模式可以使复合结构在区别性和经济性上实现平衡。在区别性方面,“双线索”有分工:一个线索区别于别的范畴或类别,另一个线索区别于内部成员。某个姓氏区别于别的姓氏,跟“关系疏远”关联(不属于同一族);某个名字区别于家族成员,跟“关系亲密”关联(属于同族人)。本文得到以下几点认识:1)“姓+名字”复合结构比单名的区别性更强;2)说话人只称呼对方的名字,意味着说话人在心理上把对方当成自己内部的成员,因此显得亲切;3)“小王”“王姐”这样的称呼语是双音化的需要,也是熟悉、亲近或尊重的一种反映,但最为根本的是区别的需要。

In Chinese language compound structures,especially compound words,a"double-procedure"model of combination is followed,which can balance the distinctiveness and effectiveness of compound structures.In terms of distinctiveness,the"double-procedure"structure involves two elements:one defines the categories or types of the structure,while the other indicates minor differences among similar kinds.If someone's surname distinguishes them from others,this phenomenon can be explained by"distant relations",indicating they do not belong to the same clan.If someone's given name differs from other family members,it should be explained by"close relations".This paper concludes that:1)the Surname+Given Name structure is more distinctive than using a given name alone;2)when a speaker solely addresses someone by their given name,it implies a psychological regard of the person as part of a"close relationship",which evidently shows friendliness;3)addresses such as"Xiao Wang"or"Wang Jie"(e.g.,Sister Wang)could be seen as a demand for bisyllabification or a reflection of familiarity,closeness,or respect,whereas their fundamental role is in showing distinctiveness.