长沙烟区烟叶常规化学成分分析及其相关性研究

Analysis and Correlation Study of Conventional Chemical Components of Tobacco Leaves in Changsha Tobacco Area

评价分析长沙烟区烟叶常规化学成分含量状况及变化趋势,为该地区烟叶生产合理布局和品质提升提供参考。于2020—2023年在长沙浏阳和宁乡2个烟区20个乡镇代表性监测点采集烟叶样品370份,对其常规化学成分含量进行测定。结果表明,长沙烟区烟叶除总糖(26.14%)偏高、总氮(1.39%)偏低外,还原糖、烟碱、氯、钾含量的平均值均处于优质烟叶适值范围内,糖碱比、氮碱比和钾氯比也符合优质烟叶标准。从不同植烟单元监测点分析,浏阳烟区应控制总糖含量,宁乡烟区应提高总氮含量。从烟叶不同部位分析,中部烟叶总糖和糖碱比偏高,上部和中部烟叶总氮偏低。从不同年份分析,总糖和糖碱比有逐年升高趋势,而烟碱和钾氯比有逐年降低趋势,其他指标年际间呈波动变化。从不同品种分析,‘湘烟7号’和‘G80’的总糖偏高,‘湘烟7号’、‘云烟87’和‘G80’总氮含量均偏低。从常规化学成分间的相关系数分析,除总糖、还原糖与糖碱比,总糖与总氮,钾与钾氯比相关性不显著外,其余都达到极显著水平。综上所述,长沙烟区烟叶整体质量优良,但应注意控制浏阳烟区中部烟叶总糖含量,提高宁乡烟区中上部烟叶总氮含量,长沙烟区烟叶品质以‘云烟87’表现更好。

The content status and changing trend of conventional chemical components of tobacco leaves in Changsha tobacco area were evaluated and analyzed to provide reference for the rational distribution and quality improvement of tobacco production in this area.From 2020 to 2023,370 tobacco samples were collected from 20 representative monitoring sites of Liuyang and Ningxiang tobacco planting units in Changsha tobacco area,and the contents of conventional chemical components were statistically analyzed.The results showed that except for slightly higher total sugar(26.14%)and lower total nitrogen(1.39%),the average contents of reducing sugar,nicotine,chlorine and potassium in the Changsha tobacco area were all within the appropriate range of high quality tobacco leaves.The main derivative indexes,the ratio of sugar to nicotine,nitrogen to nicotine,and potassium to chlorine also met the standard of high quality tobacco leaves.According to the analysis of different monitoring sites of tobacco planting units,the total sugar content should be controlled in Liuyang tobacco area and the total nitrogen content should be increased in Ningxiang tobacco area.According to the analysis of different parts of tobacco leaves,the total sugar and the ratio of sugar to nicotine in middle tobacco leaves were higher,and the total nitrogen in upper and middle tobacco leaves was lower.According to the analysis of different years,the ratio of total sugar and sugar tonicotine increased year by year,while the ratio of nicotine and potassium to chlorine decreased year by year,and other component indexes fluctuated from year to year.According to the analysis of different varieties,the total sugar of‘Xiangyan 7’and‘G80’were higher,and the total nitrogen content of‘Xiangyan 7’,‘Yunyan 87’and‘G80’were lower.According to the correlation coefficient analysis of conventional chemical components,except for the ratio of total sugar,reducing sugar and sugar to nicotine,total sugar and total nitrogen,potassium and the ratio of potassium to chlorine,the others reached a very significant level.To sum up,the overall quality of the tobacco leaves in Changsha tobacco area is better,but attention should be paid to controlling the total sugar content of tobacco leaves in the central part of Liuyang tobacco area and to improving the total nitrogen content of the middle and upper tobacco leaves in Ningxiang tobacco area.The quality of‘Yunyan 87’performs better in Changsha tobacco-growing area.