白木香种质资源遗传多样性研究进展

Review of research on genetic diversity of Aquilaria sinensis

白木香是瑞香科(Thymelaeaceae)沉香属(Aquilaria)常绿乔木,其树体在受到外部伤害后可产生具有特殊油脂的“沉香”。长期以来人类掠夺性采伐及白木香野生树种生境被破坏,导致野生资源减少,自然种群更新减缓,种质资源的多样性和可持续发展受到极大威胁。该文从白木香形态多样性、细胞学(包含染色体和核型)、生化分析(同工酶)、生理生化指标及分子标记等方面进行细致系统的分析,并对白木香种质遗传多样性的研究提出建议,以期为白木香品种的培育,种质资源开发、利用和保护提供理论基础。

Aquilaria sinensis(Lour.)Spreng,an evergreen tree of Genus Aquilaria in Family Thymelaeaceae,can produce‘agarwood’with special oils after being externally damaged.For a long time,human predatory logging has destroyed the habitat of wild species of Aquilaria and reduced the wild resources,slowed down the renewal of the natural population,and the diversity and sustainable development of germplasm resources were greatly threatened.In this article,research was reviewed on morphological characteristic,morphological diversity,cytology research(including chromosomes and karyotype),biochemical analysis(isoenzymes),physiological and biochemical indicators and molecular markers of A.sinensis.Some suggestions on the study of genetic diversity were put forward,especially genome sequencing of A.sinensis and the specific breeding of molecular markers should be strengthened.The main purpose of the review could provide a theoretical basis for the cultivation of varieties,the protection,development and sustainable utilization of germplasm resources.