考虑时间成本的机场场面拖曳调度优化研究

Optimization of Airport Airside Towing Schedule Considering Time Cost

大型枢纽机场普遍存在近机位资源短缺与拖曳效率低等问题,导致靠桥率无法满足实际需求,其根本原因在于缺乏高效合理的拖曳调度方案。为避免机场人工拖曳调度方式造成拖曳调度分配不合理、近机位利用率低与综合拖曳成本高昂等问题,提出了考虑时间成本的拖曳调度优化方法。首先根据机场实际运行数据和业务规则,综合考虑机位空间分布和拖曳时间成本等因素,以提高靠桥率、降低拖曳时间成本为优化目标,考虑拖曳有效性、时段内拖曳量、航班保障时间窗等约束条件,建立拖曳调度优化模型;然后设计改进禁忌搜索算法求解模型;最后采用北京大兴国际机场实际历史航班数据与机位场景,验证了利用该模型构建机场拖曳调度方案的有效性。研究结果表明:所构建拖曳调度方案可以使靠桥率提升4.2%,拖曳时间成本降低10.2%,能够有效改善现有拖曳调度方式。

Currently,large hub airports generally suffer from a shortage of contact gate resources and low towing efficiency,resulting in an inability to meet the actual demand for bridge rate.The fundamental reason is the lack of efficient and reasonable towing scheduling plans.To avoid problems such as unreasonable allocation of towing scheduling,low utilization of contact gate,and high comprehensive towing costs caused by manual towing scheduling at airports,an optimization method for towing scheduling considering time cost was proposed.Firstly,according to the actual operational data and business rules of airport,the factors such as the spatial distribution of gates and the cost of towing time were comprehensively taking into account,and the optimization goal was to improve the bridge rate and reduce the cost of towing time.Secondly,considering constraints such as towing effectiveness,towing volume during time period and flight supporting time window,a towing scheduling optimization model was established.Then tabu search algorithm was designed and improved to solve the proposed model.Finally,the effectiveness of using the proposed model to construct an airport towing scheduling scheme was verified by using actual historical flight data and gate scenarios from Beijing Daxing International Airport.The research results show that the proposed towing scheduling scheme can increase the bridge rate by 4.2%,reduce the towing time cost by 10.2%,and effectively improve the existing towing scheduling method.