基于改进A^(*)算法的西北航道多目标航路规划

Multi-objective Route Planning for the Northwest Passage Based on the Improved A* Algorithm

全球气候变暖导致北极海冰消融,西北航道进行商业运输活动的船舶数量越来越多。针对北极西北航道复杂冰情下船舶航行安全及经济性的需求,充分考虑了海冰特性、船舶破冰能力以及实际航行风险,以船舶燃油消耗和航时为优化目标,构建了基于动态加权A^(*)算法的多目标冰区航路规划模型。提出了一种考虑安全距离的动态加权A^(*)算法,引入指数衰减因子调整A^(*)算法的搜索策略,减少不必要的搜索空间,并将其应用于冰区航路规划模型,进行西北航道航路规划仿真分析。仿真实验结果表明:该方法能够在确保船舶航行安全的基础上规划出燃油消耗及航时较优的航路,有效解决了船舶与海岸线、恶劣冰区边缘之间的安全距离问题,确保冰区航行的安全性。

Global warming has led to the melting of Arctic sea ice,and the number of ships carrying out commercial activities in the northwest passage is increasing.Aiming at the demand for safety and economy of ship navigation under complex ice conditions in the Arctic northwest passage,a multi-objective route planning model in ice area based on the dynamic weighted A^(*)algorithm was constructed with full consideration of the sea ice characteristics,the ice-breaking capacity of ships and the actual navigation risks,and with the fuel consumption and voyage time of ships as the optimization objectives.A dynamic weighted A^(*)algorithm considering the safety distance was proposed,and an exponential attenuation factor was introduced to adjust the search strategy of A^(*)algorithm to reduce the unnecessary search space,and it was applied to the ice area route planning model for simulation analysis of northwest passage route planning.The results of simulation experiments show that the proposed method is able to plan a route with better fuel consumption and sailing time on the basis of ensuring the safety of ship navigation,which effectively solves the problem of safety distance between the ship and the coastline and the edge of the bad ice area,ensuring the safety of navigation in the ice area.