垃圾焚烧无意产生的新污染物排放清单、风险特征和协同控制研究

Study on emission inventories,risk characteristics and synergistic control of unintentional emerging pollutants from waste incineration

生活垃圾焚烧是无意产生的新污染物(EPs)的主要排放源之一。对文献报道的国内外62座生活垃圾焚烧厂烟气中检出EPs的浓度水平、整体排放量、国际毒性当量(I-TEQ)、环境积累水平进行分析,研究结果显示,垃圾焚烧无意产生的EPs主要包括多环芳烃(PAHs)、氯苯(CBzs)、氯酚(CPhs)、多氯联苯(PCBs)、多氯萘(PCNs)、二噁英类(PCDD/Fs)、多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)、六氯丁二烯(HCBD)和六溴环十二烷(HBCDs)等,尚未有报道在烟气中检出全氟和多氟烷基类物质(PFASs)。中国垃圾焚烧无意产生的EPs年排放总量约3.6 t。其中,垃圾焚烧排放的PCNs在无意产生PCNs排放总量中的占比最大,达到了38.8%;其次为PCDD/Fs,占比为14.5%;PCBs的占比则为8.4%。烟气中PCDD/Fs、共平面多氯联苯(Co-PCBs)、类二噁英多氯萘(Dl-PCNs)和六氯苯(HxCBz)对EPs总I-TEQ的贡献率分别为93.55%、6.10%、0.22%、0.12%,各EPs在周边表层土壤呈现出低强度输入和缓慢积累的特点。高氯代EPs浓度与PCDD/Fs浓度间有较好相关性,现行主流垃圾焚烧烟气治理措施对Co-PCBs、Dl-PCNs和HxCBz等高氯代EPs同样有效,建议通过投加抑制剂和催化剂等进一步提高各类EPs的协同治理效率,并探索对多种EPs总I-TEQ进行管控的策略。

Municipal solid waste incineration is one of the main sources of unintentional emissions of emerging pollutants(EPs).This study analyzed the concentration levels,overall emissions,international toxicity equivalents(I-TEQ),and environmental accumulation of unintentionally produced EPs detected in the flue gas of 62 domestic and international municipal solid waste incineration plants.The results indicated that the EPs generated from waste incineration primarily include polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs),chlorobenzenes(CBzs),chlorophenols(CPhs),polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs),polychlorinated naphthalenes(PCNs),dioxins(PCDD/Fs),polybrominated diphenyl ethers(PBDEs),hexachlorobutadiene(HCBD)and hexabromocyclododecane(HBCDs).There were no reports of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFASs)detected in flue gas.The total annual emissions of EPs from waste incineration in China amount to approximately 3.6 t.Among these,PCNs account for the largest proportion of unintentional emissions(38.8%),followed by PCDD/Fs at 14.5%,and PCBs at 8.4%.The contributions of PCDD/Fs,coplanar PCBs(Co-PCBs),dioxin-like PCNs(Dl-PCNs),and hexachlorobenzene(HxCBz)to the total I-TEQ of EPs in flue gas were 93.55%,6.10%,0.22%and 0.12%,respectively.EPs exhibited characteristics of low-intensity input and slow accumulation in the surrounding surface soil.A good correlation was found between the concentrations of highly chlorinated EPs and PCDD/Fs.Current mainstream flue gas treatment measures for waste incineration were equally effective against highly chlorinated EPs such as Co-PCBs,Dl-PCNs and HxCBz.It was recommended to further enhance the collaborative treatment efficiency of various EPs by adding inhibitors and catalysts,and to explore the regulation of the total I-TEQ for multiple EPs.