数字乡村背景下的农民数字素养水平评价与影响因素研究

Evaluation and Influencing Factors of Farmers'Digital Literacy Levels in the Context of the Digital Countryside

[目的/意义]农民数字素养是数字乡村建设与发展的前提和基础。如何量化评价农民数字素养、精准识别其影响因素,进而有的放矢地提升农民数字素养水平,激发农民建设数字乡村的活力,已成为当前数字乡村建设的当务之急。[方法/过程]文章在对农民数字素养相关概念界定的基础上,基于理论依据与现实依据构建了北京农民数字素养评价指标体系并进行了合理性检验,评价分析了现阶段北京市农民数字素养水平,并分析探讨了北京农民数字素养的影响因素。[结果/结论]北京农民数字素养综合水平为68.15,在不同区域间、不同维度间、不同群体间存在较大差异。农民数字素养受年龄的负向影响,受受教育程度、收入水平、数字化培训、数字化服务、数字科普宣传、数字生活氛围、数字网络的正向影响。建议通过加强顶层设计、营造良好氛围、构建终身学习体系、构建保障机制等方式来有效提升农民数字素养,激发其数字乡村参与活力。

[Purpose/Significance]Farmers'digital literacy is the prerequisite and foundation for the construction and development of digital rural areas.How to quantitatively assess farmers'digital literacy,accurately identify the influencing factors,and then purposefully improve farmers'digital literacy level,and stimulate farmers'vitality in digital village construction has become an urgent task for the current construction of digital villages in China.[Method/Process]Based on the definition of the relevant concepts of farmers'digital literacy,this article constructs an evaluation index system for farmers'digital literacy in Beijing based on theoretical and practical bases,and combines 236 pre-survey data to comprehensively use exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis to test the rationality of the evaluation index system.Based on 1500 questionnaire survey data from 13 agricultural areas in Beijing,the current level of digital literacy among farmers in Beijing was evaluated and analyzed.A regression model was constructed to analyze and explore the influencing factors of digital literacy among farmers in Beijing from three dimensions:personal factors,resource supply factors,and environmental factors.[Results/Conclusions]Based on the KAP theoretical model and the practical development needs of Beijing's digital countryside and smart city construction,the article constructs an evaluation system for Beijing farmers'digital literacy indicators,which includes six primary indicators:digital concept awareness,digital general literacy,digital technology literacy,digital innovation literacy,digital social literacy,and digital security awareness,as well as 26 secondary indicators.According to the calculation,the overall digital literacy level of Beijing farmers is 68.15,and there are significant differences between different regions,dimensions,and groups.From a regional perspective,the digital literacy level of farmers in Fengtai District is relatively high,while that in Daxing District is relatively low.In terms of indicators,farmers have the highest level of digital security literacy,while their levels of digital innovation literacy and digital technology literacy are relatively low.In terms of group characteristics,small farmers and older people aged 60 and over have the lowest levels of digital literacy.Farmers'digital literacy is negatively influenced by age,but positively influenced by education level,income level,digital training,digital services,popularization of digital science,digital living atmosphere,and digital network.It is suggested to effectively enhance farmers'digital literacy and promote their participation in digital rural areas by strengthening top-level design,creating a good atmosphere,building a lifelong learning system,and establishing a guarantee mechanism.