腐植酸液体有机肥提升番茄产量与品质的研究

Effects of humic acid liquid organic fertilizer on yield and quality of tomato

[目的]本试验旨在探究腐植酸液体有机肥不同施肥频次与浓度对基质培番茄生长、生理、产量与品质的提升效果,为生产实践提供参考。[方法]以‘灵盈3号’番茄为试材,将腐植酸液体有机肥设为3个浇灌频次T1(1 d1次)、T3(3 d1次)、T5(5 d1次),3个浇灌浓度W50(稀释50倍)、W100(稀释100倍)、W200(稀释200倍),设计完全随机试验(CK、T1W50、T1W100、T1W200、T3W50、T3W100、T3W200、T5W50、T5W100、T5W200处理),3次重复。通过测定各处理番茄的生长、光合、矿质元素、产量与品质等方面指标,用隶属函数分析法对各指标进行综合评价。[结果]浇灌腐植酸液体有机肥后,各处理番茄的株高、茎粗、叶面积指数、地上部分干鲜重均增加,T3W50处理生长指标提升最显著;T1W200处理的光合作用效率最佳,其叶绿素总量、净光合速率、蒸腾速率与气孔导度分别显著提高72.04%、66.98%、99.37%、99.44%,胞间CO_(2)浓度显著降低,叶片PSⅡ最大光化学量子产量(Fv/Fm)、PSⅡ实际光化学效率(ΦPSII)及电子传递效率(ETR)等显著提高;苗期全氮(TN)、全磷(TP)及全钾(TK)含量最高分别可达56.02 mg·g^(-1)、7.93 mg·g^(-1)、66.48 mg·g^(-1),高频次处理效果最显著;T1W200处理对番茄产量与品质的综合促进效果最佳,其产量为46 020.59 kg·hm^(-2),比对照显著提高39.01%,可溶性蛋白含量达到45.27 mg·g^(-1)且比对照显著提高8.04%,还原糖与可溶性糖含量均显著高于其它处理,分别达到20.62%、7.67%,Vc与总酚含量分别达到0.51 mg·g^(-1)、1.24 mg·g^(-1),比对照显著提高41.67%、24.00%,果实风味得到明显提升。[结论]浇灌腐植酸液体有机肥可促进基质培番茄生长发育,提高产量并改善果实品质。经隶属函数分析,高频次低浓度(T1W200处理)对番茄各项指标的促进效果最佳,可有效实现基质培番茄高产优质的目标。

[Objective]This study aimed to provide insights for practical application by exploring the effects of different frequencies and concentrations of humic acid liquid organic fertilizer on tomato growth,yield,and quality.[Methods]Using the'Lingying No.3'tomato variety as test material,humic acid liquid organic fertilizer was applied at three irrigation frequencies:T1(daily),T3(every three days),and T5(every five days).Irrigation concentrations were set at three levels:W50(diluted 50 times),W100(diluted 100 times),and W200(diluted 200 times),forming a completely randomized design(CK,T1W50,T1W100,T1W200,T3W50,T3W100,T3W200,T5W50,T5W100,and T5W200)with three replicates each.Growth characteristics,photosynthetic efficiency,mineral content,yield,and quality were determined,and a membership function analysis method was used to evaluate the overall effects.[Results]Humic acid liquid fertilizer application significantly increased plant height,stem diameter,leaf area index,and above-ground dry and fresh weight.The T3W50 treatment showed the most notable growth improvements,while the T1W200 treatment maximized photosynthetic efficiency,increasing chlorophyll content,net photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate,and stomatal conductance by 72.04%,66.98%,99.37%and 99.44%,respectively,with a corresponding decrease in intercellular CO_(2) concentration.Photosynthetic indices Fv/Fm,ΦPSII,and ETR also improved significantly.The highest nitrogen(TN),phosphorus(TP),and potassium(TK)contents were observed at the seedling stage,reaching 56.02 mg·g^(-1),7.93 mg·g^(-1) and 66.48 mg·g^(-1),respectively,with high frequency treatments showing the greatest effect.The T1W200 treatment had the most favorable combined impact on yield and quality of tomato,with a yield of 46,020.59 kg·hm^(-2),39.01%higher than CK.Soluble protein content reached 45.27 mg·g^(-1),8.04%above the CK,while reducing sugar and soluble sugar content reaching 20.62%and 7.67%respectively,which significantly exceeded other treatments.Vitamin C and total phenolic content were determined as 0.51 mg·g^(-1) and 1.24 mg·g^(-1),significantly enhanced by 41.67%and 24.00%,respectively,improving fruit flavor.[Conclusion]Applying humic acid liquid organic fertilizer promoted tomato growth in substrate cultivation,increasing yield and fruit quality.Membership function analysis indicated that the highfrequency,low-concentration T1W200 treatment was optimal for achieving high-yield,high-quality tomato production.