外泌体在食管鳞状细胞癌中的研究进展及热点

Research progress and hotspots of exosomes in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

食管鳞状细胞癌(ESCC)是消化道常见的恶性肿瘤,但因为其早期症状隐匿不典型,且大部分患者发现时就已达到晚期阶段,导致可选择的治疗方案有限。外泌体是一类由活细胞产生的富含蛋白质、脂质、核酸、代谢物等物质的双层脂质膜结构的小囊泡。多项研究表明外泌体主要通过介导肿瘤微环境、上皮间充质转化、肿瘤血管生成等方面在ESCC中起到重要作用。本文总结了外泌体在ESCC中的研究进展,力求为今后ESCC的早期发现与防治带来新视角。

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC)is a common malignant tumor of the digestive tract.However,its early symptoms are insidious and atypical,and most patients have reached the advanced stage when they are detected,resulting in limited treatment options.Exosomes are small vesicles produced by living cells,with a double-layer lipid membrane structure rich in proteins,lipids,nucleic acids,metabolites and other substances.A number of studies have shown that exosomes play an important role in ESCC mainly by mediating tumor microenvironment,epithelial-mesenchymal transition,and tumor angiogenesis.This paper summarizes the research progress of exosomes in ESCC,and strives to bring a new perspective for the early detection and prevention of ESCC in the future.