中国稠李亚属地理分布特征分析

Analysis of the Geographical Distribution Characteristics of Prunus Subgenus Padus in China

稠李亚属Subgenus Padus(Mill.)A.Gray隶属于蔷薇科李亚科广义李属Prunus Linn.,主要分布在北温带地区和喜马拉雅山区,共有26种,中国有17种。基于地理分布和气候带区域差异特征,研究结果表明:(1)从水平分布看,稠李亚属主要分布在中国亚热带及青藏高原区东南部,即35°N以南,与周边国家及地区的相似性系数介于0.11~0.38,表明横断山脉地区、东喜马拉雅地区是稠李亚属现代分布中心和多样性中心,而华中地区、横断山脉地区是稠李亚属的“避难所”,相关地区对其区系形成、物种演化等具有重要作用。(2)从垂直分布看,稠李亚属植物分布适宜海拔范围800~4200m,并在海拔1200~1600m和2400~2800m出现两个物种集中分布带。(3)稠李亚属是东亚植物区系的一部分,但包含有泛北极植物区系成分渗透,地理分布特性有助于该类群物种划分。通过探讨中国稠李亚属植物的现代分布式样及其与周边国家(地区)关系,为进一步研究其种群演化和现代地理分布格局成因提供依据。

Prunus Linn.subgenus Padus(Mill.)A.Gray belongs to the subfamily Amygdaloideae Arn.of Rosaceae,with 26 species in the world and 17 species in China,which mainly are distributed in the northern temperate regions and the Himalayan mountains.Basing on the analyzes of the geographic and floristic distribution of subgenus Padus and the regional differences in climate zones,the results were summarized as follows:(1)From a horizontal distribution perspective,the subgenus Padus was mainly distributed in the subtropical regions of China and the southeastern regions of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau,viz.the area south of latitude 35°N,and the similarity coefficient with those surrounding countries and regions ranged from 0.11 to 0.38.It suggested that the Hengduan Mountains and Eastern Himalayas were the modern distribution and diversity center,while the Central China and the Hengduan Mountains served as the refuge for the subgenus Padus,and the relevant areas played an important role in its flora formation and species evolution.(2)From a vertical distribution perspective,the distribution of the subgenus Padus was suitable for an altitude range of 800-4200 m,with two species concentration zones appearing at elevations of 1200-1600 m and 2400-2800 m,respectively.(3)The subgenus Padus was a part of the East Asian flora,but it contained a few components of the Pan Arctic flora,and its geographical distribution characteristics contribute to the species classification of this group.This study provided a basis for further research on its population evolution and the causes of modern geographical distribution patterns in the subgenus Padus.