白菜型油菜硫苷含量与组分分析

Analysis of Glucosinolate Content and Component in Brassica rapa L.

【目的】我国是白菜型油菜起源地之一,分析评价其品质对开发利用白菜型油菜资源具有重要意义。【方法】本研究以菜籽为研究对象,经研磨提取和离子交换柱处理后,得到硫苷提取液,采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)法,对323份白菜型油菜的硫苷含量及组分进行测定分析。【结果】参试材料的硫苷总含量为26.19—238.21μmol·g^(-1),均值为137.22μmol·g^(-1)。共检测到9种硫苷组分,其中包含了5种脂肪族硫苷,分别为2-羟基-3-丁烯基硫苷、4-甲亚砜丁基硫苷、2-羟基-4-戊烯基硫苷、3-丁烯基硫苷和4-戊烯基硫苷;3种吲哚族硫苷,包括4-羟基-3-吲哚甲基硫苷、3-吲哚甲基硫苷和4-甲氧基-3-吲哚甲基硫苷;检测到1种芳香族硫苷,为苯乙基硫苷。白菜型油菜硫苷以脂肪族硫苷为主,3-丁烯基硫苷为主要成分,平均含量122.68μmol·g^(-1),占脂肪族硫苷含量的93.71%,占总硫苷含量的89.40%。比较不同生态区材料的总硫苷含量发现:长江流域>黄淮区>西藏>甘肃,其中,甘肃材料的4-羟基-3-吲哚甲基硫苷和3-吲哚甲基硫苷含量较其他3个生态区高,但3-丁烯基硫苷含量为4个生态区最低。吲哚族硫苷含量因材料感温性的差异而变化较大,强冬性(11.50μmol·g^(-1))>冬性(7.60μmol·g^(-1))>半冬性(6.77μmol·g^(-1))>春性(3.87μmol·g^(-1))。2-羟基-3-丁烯基硫苷与吲哚族硫苷的含量也因种质不同而有较大变化,筛选到6份高吲哚族硫苷种质(含量为5.86—13.81μmol·g^(-1)),3份2-羟基-3-丁烯基硫苷种质(含量为50.14—68.38μmol·g^(-1))。【结论】白菜型油菜的硫苷成分主要是脂肪族硫苷,其中3-丁烯基硫苷为脂肪族硫苷主要组分。同时,硫苷组分的含量也因种质的基因型不同有较大变化,如超高硫苷、高吲哚硫苷及高2-羟基-3-丁烯基硫苷特殊材料等。

【Objective】Brassica rapa L.originated from China,whose qualify analysis and evaluation was highly important for its development and utilization.【Method】In this study,rapeseed was used as the research object.After grinding extraction and ion exchange column treatment,the glucosinolate extract was obtained.The high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)was utilized to determine and analyze the content and components of glucosinolates in 323 B.rapa L.accessions.【Result】The total content of glucosinolates in 323 B.rapa L.samples ranged from 26.19 to 238.21μmol·g^(-1),with an average of 137.22μmol·g^(-1).A total of 9 glucosinolate components were identified,consisting of five aliphatic glucosinolates(progoitrin,glucoraphanin,gluconapoleiferin,gluconapin and glucobrassicanapin),three indole glucosinolates(4-hydroxyglucobrassicin,glucobrassicin,and 4-methoxyglucobrassicin),and one aromatic glucosinolate(gluconasturtiin).The predominant glucosinolate in B.rapa L.was gluconapin,which belonged to the aliphatic glucosinolate group.It had an average concentration of 122.68μmol·g^(-1),making up 93.71%of the aliphatic glucosinolate content and 89.40%of the overall glucosinolate content.The comparison of the total glucosinolate content in accessions originated from various ecological zones indicated that the Yangtze River basin had the highest glucosinolate content,followed by the Huanghuai region,Xizang,and Gansu accessions.Among accessions,the content of 4-hydroxyglucobrassicin and glucobrassicin in Gansu accessions was more than that in accessions originated from the other three ecological zones.The content of gluconapin in Gansu accessions was the lowest compared to other accessions.The content of indole glucosinolates exhibited significant variations based on their sensitivity to temperature,with the highest levels observed in harsh winter types(11.50μmol·g^(-1)),followed by winter types(7.60μmol·g^(-1)),semi-winter types(6.77μmol·g^(-1)),and spring types(3.87μmol·g^(-1)).The findings demonstrated that,the content of progoitrin and indole glucosinolates differed significantly among the germplasm collection used in this study.Six accessions with high-indolyl glucoside content(ranging from 5.86 to 13.81μmol·g^(-1))and three accessions with progoitrin content(ranging from 50.14 to 68.38μmol·g^(-1))were selected by screening.【Conclusion】Aliphatic glucosinolates were the primary components of glucosinolates in B.rapa L.,with gluconapin being the predominant component.The glucosinolate components exhibited significant variations depending on the genotype of the accessions.Different genotypes were selected based on their concentration of ultra-high glucosinolate,high indole glucosinolate,and high progoitrin.