我国关键矿产供应风险及应对措施

Risks and Countermeasures of Critical Mineral Supply of China

本文指出关键矿产是支撑碳中和的物质基础,也是战略性新兴产业的动力之源。面对日趋复杂的国际形势和外部市场环境,本文梳理出我国关键矿产供应面临的风险挑战主要有:国内供应不足,关键矿产对外依赖程度高;海外资源分布集中,关键矿产获取风险持续增加;“灰犀牛”事件频发,关键矿产供应链稳定性遭受冲击;矿产资源国新一轮资源民族主义举措,抑制关键矿产投资和产能增长以及美西方国家调整关键矿产战略,打造“去中国化”的关键矿产供应链等。在此基础上,本文提出了加强顶层设计,制定关键矿产安全保障战略;强化科技创新支撑,增强国内资源有效供给能力;积极参与全球治理,增强关键矿产国际市场话语权以及加强国际合作,增强关键矿产供应链韧性等对策建议。

This paper points out that critical minerals are not only the material basis to support carbon neutralization,but also the power source of strategic emerging industries.In the face of the increasingly complex international situation and external market environment,the supply of critical minerals of China is facing a series of internal and external risk challenges:the shortage of domestic supply and a high degree of external dependence;the concentrated distribution of overseas resources,and the acquisition risk of critical minerals continues to increase;the frequent"gray rhinoceros"incidents,which impacted the stability of critical mineral supply chain;a new round of resource nationalism measures by mineral resource countries;the adjustments of critical mineral strategies by the United States and Western countries,which created"de-Sinicized"critical mineral supply chains.On this basis,some suggestions are proposed as follows:strengthening top-level design,formulating critical mineral security strategies;strengthening sci-tech innovation support,and enhancing the effective supply capacity of domestic resources;actively participating in global governance,strengthening the voice of critical minerals in the international market;strengthening international cooperation,enhancing the resilience of critical mineral supply chain.