唾液生物标志物在诊断牙周炎中的应用研究进展

Research Progress in the Application of Salivary Biomarkers in the Diagnosis of Periodontitis

牙周炎是一种复杂的免疫炎症性疾病,其特征是牙周膜断裂,随后形成牙周袋,以及牙槽骨丢失,通常导致牙齿脱落。遗传、代谢、免疫和炎症等多种因素与牙周炎的进展有关。尽管传统的牙周炎诊断方式已经在实际医疗操作中得到普遍使用,但其仍然具有一定的主观性和延迟反应特性。伴随着唾液组学的发展,我们已经了解到唾液是蕴含着众多可能成为生物标记物的物质储备地。作为一种无创性的样品来源,唾液可以有效捕捉到口腔内的各类生物标记物,如微生物、细胞因子及酶等。唾液取样方便,可反映口腔整体情况。因此,本文就唾液中对牙周炎有诊断意义的生物标志物做一综述。

Periodontitis is a complex immune inflammatory disease characterized by rupture of the periodontal ligament,subsequent formation of periodontal pockets,and loss of alveolar bone,often leading to tooth loss.Genetic,metabolic,immune,and inflammatory factors are related to the progression of periodontitis.Although traditional diagnostic methods for periodontitis are widely used in clinical practice,they still have subjectivity and lag.With the development of sialomics,we have learned that saliva is a reservoir of substances that may be biomarkers.As a non-invasive sample source,saliva can effectively capture a variety of biomarkers in the mouth,such as microorganisms,cytokines and enzymes.Saliva sampling is convenient and can reflect the overall condition of the oral cavity.Therefore,this article provides a review of biomarkers in saliva that have diagnostic significance for periodontitis.