清代“贰臣”之三面:关于刘应宾的历史书写与记忆构建

Three Sides of the Turncoat Officials in Qing Dynasty:The Historical Writing and Memory Construction of Liu Yingbin

明末朝臣刘应宾在“甲申之变”中先投效南明福王,后归降清朝,于《贰臣传》中被置于乙编上门。《贰臣传》构成了清王朝关于刘应宾的权威话语,一种偏重气节的政治伦理和人格观念斥责着他的偷生投诚、节操有亏。这一道德上的评判,直接干预了地方志对刘应宾的文字书写和正向记忆。身陷危机漩涡的刘应宾则成书《平山堂诗集》,藉由文学实践和神异事件的加持,反复剖明心志,形成史书叙述与自我诠辩的极大歧义。溢美、失忆与神化,是刘氏家族作出自卫性的书写回应。“刘南宅”透过以上三种写作策略的彼此配合,构成一套关于先祖刘应宾事迹、形象的崭新论述。

During the dynastic transition from Ming to Qing,Liu Yingbin,a courtier in the late Ming Dynasty,first served for The King Fu of Southern Ming Dynasty,and then surrendered to the Qing Dynasty.In 41st year of Qianlong(1776),the Emperor ordered the National History Institute to compile The Biography of the Turncoat Officials,and Liu Yingbin was placed in the third group.This is the collective memory and the official definition of Liu,representing the authoritative moral judgement about Liu's moral defect of surrender for survive.This moral judgment directly affected the local writings and positive memory of Liu Yingbin.Suffering with his reputation crisis,Liu compiled the Collection of Pingshan Tang Poem,in which he repeatedly expressed his thoughts through literary practice and some divine events,presenting a great ambiguity between historical narrative and his self-interpretation.Beautification,amnesia and deification are the self-defense writing responses of the Liu’s family.Coordinating the three writing strategies mentioned above,the"Liu Nan Zhai"constitutes a set of new view about the ancestral Liu Yingbin’s deeds and image.