中国写实文学:语境异置与价值选择

Chinese Realistic Literature:Different Context and Value Choice

美国的非虚构文学是包含了报告文学等文体在内的大文类概念。“中国化”的非虚构文学剥离了报告文学,是一种具有自身取材面向和价值取向的特指性非虚构文学。新时期中国报告文学题材丰富,主题多样,新世纪以来的报告文学则呈现主题化写作的倾向。中国写实文学包含了特指性非虚构文学和报告文学。美国的非虚构文学是中国写实文学的参照物。本文基于现实主义文学的基本原理,梳理美国非虚构文学在不同的语境中的语义变化,分析中国特指性非虚构文学在特定语境中的出场逻辑,对其和报告文学各自所具有的叙事特征和价值功能作出简要论述。特指性非虚构文学,虽然并不符合它原有的文类逻辑,但其所体现出的鲜明的现实介入精神,其题材和题旨所显示出的新写作形态,是对已有报告文学的一种拓展和补足。报告文学,主要是主题写作类报告文学,它的存在既有文体功能的定制,也有时代存在的规定,具有不可替代的主流意识形态的叙事价值。两者具有价值互补的意义。

Non-fiction literature in the United States is a large genre concept that includes reportage and other genres.The"Sinicized"non-fiction literature is a kind of specific non-fiction literature with its own theme and value orientation.Chinese reportage in the new period is rich and di‐verse in theme,while reportage since the new century shows the tendency of thematic writing.Chinese realistic literature includes specific non-fiction literature and reportage.American nonfiction literature is the reference of Chinese realistic literature.Based on the basic principles of realism literature,this paper sorts out the semantic changes of American non-fiction literature in different contexts,analyzes the appearance logic of Chinese specific non-fiction literature in specific contexts,and briefly discusses the narrative characteristics and value functions of this genre.Although the specific non-fiction literature does not conform to its original genre logic,it embodies the distinct spirit of realistic intervention,and the new writing form shown by its subject and theme,which is an expansion and complement to the existing reportage.Reportage,mainly the reportage of thematic writing,is not only designed by its stylistic functions,but also regulated by the rules of its times,and has irreplaceable narrative value of mainstream ideology.The two have the significance of complementary value.