朗吉弩斯《论崇高》对17-18世纪英国莎剧批评的影响

The Influence of Longinus'On the Sublime on the Criticism of Shakespeare's Plays in the 17th-18th Century England

朗吉弩斯的《论崇高》在17世纪30年代传播到英国,并对17-18世纪的莎士比亚戏剧批评产生了巨大影响。《论崇高》提供了不同于古典主义的理论话语、评价标准和审美原则,它对天才独创性、激情、想象力等文学要素的强调契合莎士比亚戏剧的独特性,对在古今之争背景下确立莎剧的文学经典地位起了至关重要的作用。在将朗吉弩斯《论崇高》应用于文学批评的具体实践中,英国文人、学者开启了建立英国民族性、近代性诗学体系的道路;这同时也是西方各国文学批评界在这一历史时期的共同使命。反过来,英国18世纪学者的研究也极大地拓展和丰富了朗吉弩斯的崇高理论,使“崇高”成了西方近代美学的一个重要范畴。

Longinus'treatise On the Sublime spread to England in the 1630s and had a great influence on Shakespearean criticism in the 17th-18th centuries.Different from classicism,On the Sublime provides new theoretical discourse,evaluation criteria and aesthetic principles.According with the uniqueness of Shakespeare's plays,its emphasis on literary elements such as genius,originality,passion and imagination,plays a crucial role in establishing the classical status of Shake‐speare's plays under the background of the ancient and modern conflicts.In the application of Longinus'On the Sublime to the practice of literary criticism,the English literati and scholars opened the way of establishing English national and modern poetical theory.This is also a common task for literature scholars across European countries in this historical stage.On the contrary,the British scholars in the 18th century greatly expanded and enriched Longinus'theory of the sublime,making"the sublime"an important category of modern western aesthetics.